Rodiah Opeyemi ABUBAKRE2025-09-192025-09-192025-12Kate TurabiaM.Schttps://repository.lcu.edu.ng/handle/123456789/1064Tuberculosis (TB) has remained a major cause of global mortality and is the single leading infectious killer only second to coronavirus disease 2019. Biological sex is an important determinant of health. Literature on the gender epidemiology of tuberculosis demonstrates gender differences in prevalence/notification rate, disease manifestation. The present study assessed toll like receptor 2 (TLR2), prevalence of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (M.TB) and associated risk factors between male and female tuberculosis positive patients in Ogun state Nigeria. A total of 130 participants comprising of 83 M.TB positive individuals and 47 MTB negative individuals were recruited into the present study. One spot sputum sample was collected in sterile sputum container and 5mLs of venous blood was obtained from the anterior cubital vein using 5ml disposable, sterile syringe and dispensed into EDTA anticoagulated sample bottle for genomic analysis. Determination of TB status was done using both microscopy and geneXpert. DNA extraction was done using NIMR kit and TLRs genotyping was done using PCR. The result of the analysis shows a 100% specificity of the result of microscopy detection of TB compared to the result of GeneXpert detection of TB and also a 100% sensitivity of the result of microscopy detection of TB compared to the result of GeneXpert detection of TB. The prevalence of M.TB was higher among male subjects (58%) compared to female subjects (42%). The CC allele was more prevalent among male subjects (12) compared to females (7). The TT allele was also more prevalent among male subjects (5) compared to females (2). While the TC allele was slightly more prevalent among male subjects (24) compared to females (22) This study accomplished its goals, offering significant insights into the socio-demographic, genetic, and diagnostic factors of tuberculosis. The results highlight the essential interaction of behavioural, genetic, and environmental factors in determining tuberculosis susceptibility and outcomes. Keywords: Mycobacterium Tuberculosis(M.TB), Toll-like receptors(TLRs), Diagnosis, Disease. Word Count: 300enMycobacterium Tuberculosis(M.TB)Toll-like receptors(TLRs)DiagnosisDisease.Thesis