Browsing by Author "Grace Temitope OYATUNDE"

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    In-vitro Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Garcinia cola, Aframomum melegueta and Zingiber officinale against Selected Upper Respiratory Tract Pathogens
    (Lead City University, Ibadan, 2024-12) Grace Temitope OYATUNDE
    The use of plants for treating health issues has been a tradition since ancient times. With the rise in bacterial resistance to antibiotics and the side effects of antibiotics, there has been a growing emphasis on using plant extracts and their derivatives as a source of drugs for various human diseases. This research focuses on screening the phytochemicals and antimicrobial activities of three medicinal plants: Garcinia cola, Aframomum melegueta, and Zingiber officinale Roscoe. The plants were tested individually and in different combinations with various concentrations. The effects of the plant extracts were examined in-vitro using petroleum ether, ethanol, and aqueous solutions at different concentrations on pathogenicbacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The zone of inhibition of Aframomum melegueta, Zingiber officinale Roscoe and Garcinia cola ranged from 19.5 ± 1.12, 14.5 ± 1.12, and 13.5 ± 1.5 and the combined antibacterial activity of Aframomum melegueta and Garcinia cola, Garcinia cola and Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Aframomum melegueta and Zingiber officinale Roscoe ranges from 24.2 ± 1.73, 23.23 ± 0.05, and 14.5 ± 1.18, respectively. While combinations of Garcinia cola, Aframomum melegueta, and Zingiber officinale Roscoe have the highest concentration of 26.1±0.05.The MIC revealed that the plants extracts inhibited bacterial growth at concentration as low as 3.12 mg/mL, especially in ethanol extracts of Garcinia cola and Zingiber officinale. The MBC reults showed that petroleum ether extracts of Garcinia cola and Zingiber officinale effect at lower concentration compared to ethanol with Staphylococcus aureus being the most susceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa the most resistant. The result of the standard antibiotics test showed that the different bacterial isolates used were inhibited by some antibiotics provided. Phytochemical analysis of the plants revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, glycosides, and phenols. The quantitative analysis showed ranges of 0.52 mg/mL, 0.0019 mg/mL, 0.24 mg/mL, and 0.286 mg/mL and ethanol proving to be an excellent solvent for extraction. Keywords: Medicinal plants, Minimum inhibitory concentration,Plant Extracts,Antibiotics, Bacteria isolates. Word Count: 300