Browsing by Author "Oluwakemi Abiola AKINTOBI"

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    Co-occurrence and Exposure Assessment of Parabens and Heavy Metals in Groundwater Sources in Two Rural Communities in Nigeria
    (Lead City University, 2023-12) Oluwakemi Abiola AKINTOBI
    The constant release of contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) such as parabens and heavy metals into groundwater systems is becoming of great concern due to their numerous negative effects on plants, human and animal health since groundwater is a major source of water supply. In this study, ten (10) randomly selected groundwater sources from two communities were investigated for the concentrations of parabens and heavy metals. Preparation of samples for parabens was done using Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) while analysis was carried out on LC-UV. Instrumental analysis was carried out for heavy metals using Perkin Elmer Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry optima 8000 (ICP-OES), Shimadzu. The trend of total concentrations of parabens was EtP < PrP < MeP < BuP with values ranging from 30.14 to 400.08 µg L-l. The toxicity of parabens to aquatic organisms was in the order algae < fish < daphnia. In addition, the concentrations of heavy metals such as Fe, Al, Co, Cr and Pb were observed to exceed WHO permissible limits of 0.3, 0.2, 0.01, and 0.05 mg L-1. Furthermore, human health risk assessment data revealed that target carcinogenic risk (TCR) values for heavy metals in children and adults were higher than the permissible limit of 1.0 x 10 -4 and were in the order of Ni > Cr >Pb. Conclusively, the human health assessment results from this study revealed that consuming water from these sources is not safe for the dwellers of both communities. Keywords: Groundwater, Parabens, Heavy metals Word Count: 240
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    Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements in Groundwater Samples within a Petroleum Depot Host Community in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
    (Lead City University Ibadan, 2023) Olumuyiwa Olumuyiwa OGUNLAJA; Oluwakemi Abiola AKINTOBI; Abdul Dimeji ISHOLA
    The proximity of the Nigeria National Petroleum Cooperation (NNPC) Depot at Apata in Ibadan, Oyo State to human settlement in the Adebisi Layout area of Apata may lead to groundwater contamination which is the main source of potable water supply in this layout. Hence the need to assess the physicochemical status and concentrations of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) in groundwater samples in this layout. The physicochemical status, as well as the concentrations of PTEs (Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn) in ten groundwater samples within the study area, were determined by standard methods and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) respectively. The physicochemical parameters studied ranged -1 as follows: pH 6.64 - 7.38, temperature 27.2 - 29.2 °C, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 0.99 - 1.60 mg L -1 and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) 1.05 - 1.65 mg L . The concentrations of heavy metals in groundwater samples were in decreasing order of Cd > Ni > Zn > Cr, with concentrations ranging from 0.04 - 0.31 mg -1 -1 -1 -1 L for Cd, 0.09 - 0.67 mg L for Cr, ND - 0.04 mg L for Zn and ND - 0.16 mg L for Ni. The concentration of Pb was below the detection limit. Data from the non-carcinogenic risks showed that groundwater consumption may lead to adverse health effects and unacceptable risks to the human health of the local inhabitants, but data from the carcinogenic risks assessment indicate no cancer risk.