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Item Assessment of Street Lighting on Urban Security System in Oyo State, Nigeria(Lead City University, 2023-12) Bosede Bolanle OYELAMIThis research work focused on Forensic Accounting Skills and Fraud Control in Deposit Money Bank in Nigeria. The motive behind this study was to examine the extent to which asset misappropriation could be curbed by forensic accounting skills, how cash layering methods of fraudulent practices can be affected by forensic accounting skills, and how control can be corrected by forensic accounting skills through improved technology. The targeted population of this study consists of 594 management staff of Guaranteed Trust Bank in Nigeria. The sample size consists of two hundred forty (240) Staff. Regression analysis was used to analyze the result. The results of hypothesis one showed a significant link (r = 0.413; P 0.05) in the banking system between forensic accounting expertise and the placement technique of corporate control of asset theft. The layering approach of fraudulent acts and forensic accounting expertise have a substantial relationship in the financial system (r = 0.561; P 0.05), according to hypothesis two. According to hypothesis three (r = 0.449; P 0.05), there is a statistically significant relationship between forensic accounting expertise and the Integration technique of weakening internal control. The government should provide an enabling environment for the forensic accounting profession to thrive in the country by strengthening the legal, educational, and political framework in the country (Nigeria). Keywords: Forensic Accounting skills, Financial Crimes, Fraud, Deposit Money Bank, Nigerian Banking System Words Count: 250Item Claims Payment, Loss Adjustment and Financial Performance of Listed Insurance Companies in Nigeria(Lead City University, 2023-12) Olugbenga Adedayo FALADEThis study examined the relationship between claims payment, loss adjustment and financial performance of listed insurance companies in Nigeria. It generally delved into background of the study, taking a look at calamities that befell some insurance companies in Nigeria owing to the non performance of their statutory duties, while taking a further look at the statement of problem, as direction to the study, and aim and objectives of the study as well as designing four research questions with four corresponding hypotheses. Literature was reviewed conceptually by examining concepts relevant to the subject matter under investigation including financial performance, claims payment, technological advancement in insurance claims management, planning and controlling of payments for claims, loss adjustment, claims investigations and administration, and risk management and claims payment capacity; empirically by ex-raying other methods and findings relevantly related to the study and theoretically by focusing on the theories adopted for elucidation of the subject matter, vis-à- vis, innovations theory of profits, risk management and multivariate. Data were collected across the 23 quoted insurance companies operating on the Nigeria Stock Exchange as of January 2020. Thirteen (13) of the insurers were randomly selected from the population on the basis of old and new generation insurance companies prior to 2004 recapitalization. The data were collected for the period of 2011 – 2020 from the Nigerian Insurers Association Digest while the researcher employed longitudinal research design on the panel data to establish sequence of events among claims payment, loss adjustment and financial performance of listed insurance companies in Nigeria. The findings showed that net claim, net premium, underwriting profit and loss adjustment expenses have significant relationship with the financial performance of the listed insurers in Nigeria. The hypotheses showed that the strength of the positive effect of Net Claim on Financial Performance is measured by the calculated p-value = 0.0034 at significance level (α) of 0.05 and also the strength of the positive effect of Underwriting Profit on Financial Performance is measured by the calculated p-value = 0.0002at significance level (α) of 0.05. The study therefore concluded that net premium, net claims, underwriting expenses and loss expenses all have positive relationships with the financial performance of the listed insurance companies in Nigeria, play significant roles in determining the financial performance of the listed insurers, reflect the companies’ ability to pay claims to their clients, motivate their employees and enhance the wealth of their shareholders and also implied that when managed effectively, net premium, net claims, underwriting profit and loss adjustment expenses can increase the value of investment which in turn would lead to improved financial performance of the listed insurance companies in Nigeria. The study recommended that from policy formation to policy termination, claim managers should collaborate with other sections of the insurance companies, closely monitor other administrative costs as they can affect the profit margins and disrupt the claims process. Also, the insurance companies should not lose sight of the main reason for their existence, which is to return the insured to her pre-loss position by paying legitimate claims. Keywords: Claims management, Claims payment, Financial performance, Net Claim and Net Premium. Word Count: 502Item Trade Credit, Credit Policy and the Performance of Building Industry in Nigeria(Lead City University, 2023-12) Azeezat Atinuke OLADIMEJIBuilding industries play an important role in the economy and the activities of the industry are also vital to the achievement of national socio-economic development goals of providing shelter, infrastructure and employment. The industry could be enhanced with opportunity to trade credit and proper credit policy. When this is not the case, it is expected that the industries would not performance optimally. It is in this regard that this study deems it fit to investigate the effect of Trade Credit and Credit Policy on Performance of Building Industry in Nigeria. Ex-post facto research design was adopted. Population consists of 32 building industries in Nigeria. Data was collected from annual reports of the 32 industries. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that trade credit had significant influence on performance of building industry in Nigeria (Adj. R2 = 0.138; p = 0.000), credit policy was found to be significantly effective on performance of building industry in Nigeria (Adj. R2 = 0.100; p = 0.000). Jointly, trade credit and credit policy were found to statistically significantly affect performance of building industry in Nigeria (Adj. = 0.106, p = 0.000). The study concluded that only trade credit and credit policy both have significant and positive effect on performance of building industry in Nigeria. The study recommended that managements of the building industries in Nigeria should improve their credit policy and also their performance so as to have access to more trade credit. Keywords: Trade Credit, Credit Policy, Performance of Building Industry. Word Count: 253Item Treasury Single Account and Accountability in Selected Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria(Lead City University, 2023-12) Nasara NDASULEDespite the objectives of TSA was to improve the Accountability of the Ministries, Departments and Agencies, there have been embezzlement and mismanagement of the funds of the MDAs. This study seeks to investigate TSA and the Accountability of MDAs in Ibadan, Oyo state. The population of the study included all management and staff of the MDAs in Ibadan, Oyo state. A sample of 250 staffs across 5 MDAs were selected using purposive sampling technique. A Questionnaire containing five scales was used for data collection. The mean analysis and Pearson product moment correlation statistics were used to answer the research question raised, and test the hypotheses formulated at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that treasury single account encourages good accountability of public funds in the MDAs in Ibadan, Oyo State. Findings also revealed that treasury single account was effective in eliminating operational inefficiency and cost associated with maintaining multiple accounts across MDAs in Ibadan, Oyo state. The study recommended that Government should create further strategies to cooperate with relevant organizations for effective compliance with the policy governing the treasury single account so as to ensure adequate cash flow and revenue generation, among others. Keywords: Treasury Single Account (TSA), Accountability, Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs). Word Count: 206Item Credit Management and Financial Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria(Lead City University, 2023-12) Olanrewaju Ayodeji MUSTAPHAThis study investigated Credit Management and Firm’s Financial Performance of Deposit Money Bank in Nigeria. The study was guided by Information Asymmetry Theory, Transaction Cost Theory. There were three research questions and hypotheses developed. An ex-post facto research design was used in the study. The population of the study is all commercial banks in Nigeria with the total of twenty-four (24) banks as at year 2023. The sample size for this study was obtained from secondary data of selected seven (7) banks using the purposive sampling technique. The researcher chose banks that their performances are below industrial average specifically, lower return on asset and return on equity. for the data analysis of this study, the panel Ordinary Least Square estimation approach and correlation matrix was applied. Credit management facility had a significant effect on performance as measured by return on asset (AdjR2 = 0.040612, F= 1.973611, p= 0.016466); return on equity (Adj R2 = 0.101017, F= 0.976643, p= 0.009176); and net profit margin (Adj R2 = 0.305936, F= 11.13815, p= 0.000005). It was concluded that credit management facilities have a significant effect on financial performance and positively strengthen the effect of interaction between credit management facilities that is, non-performing loan, loan and capital advancement, and capital adequacy and Firm’s Financial Performance of Deposit Money Bank in Nigeria. It was recommended that Deposit Money Bank in Nigeria should mitigate their Non-Performing Loan Ratios (NPLR), Strategic in Loan and Advance Ratio, Management should Enhance Capital Adequacy and Refine Credit Risk Management Practices. Keywords: Financial Performance, Return on Asset, Return on Equity, Credit Management Facilities. Word Count: 251Item Tax Audit, Tax Investigation and Revenue Generation in Oyo State(Lead City University, 2023-12) Kamil Abiodun MORADEYOIn recent years, tax audits and investigations have been a prevalent topic of discussion in Nigeria. The increase in government operating costs, coupled with the government's desire to address the infrastructure deficit and the social needs of its citizens, has left various governments with little choice but to develop measures to boost their revenue base. The Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) and Benefits Theory of Taxation serves as the theoretical backbone. The descriptive survey design method was used in this research work. The population consist of 9800 staffs at the Federal Inland Revenue Service. Taro Yamane formula was adopted to arrive at 384 sample size. The simple random sampling technique was use to distribute a well-structured questionnaire to the respondents. The data was analysed using descriptive and influential statistics. The findings revealed that tax auditors’ proficiency, integrity and competence, desk tax audit, field tax audit and back duty tax correlates with revenue generation in Nigeria at 0.375, 0.261, 0.331 and 0.202 which are positive all correlations. This means that tax auditors’ proficiency, integrity, desk tax audit, field tax audit and back duty tax influences revenue generation in Nigeria and the relationships was statistically significant at the p= .001 level (F=10.738, P<0.05). The study concludes that Tax is an important source of government revenue. As such, the government must adopt strategies that will promote a sustainable level of tax revenue and avoid leakages that will defer government developmental projects. It is therefore recommended that the Tax audit should be carried out on a routine basis to serve as a check and a preventive tool for tax evasion and revenue generation Keywords: Auditors, Integrity, Tax Audit, Tax Investigation, Revenue Generation Word Count: 269Item Capital Structure and Financial Performance in Quoted Telecommunication Companies in Nigeria(Lead City University, 2023-12) LASISI, ABISOLA MUTIATCapital structure is a mixture of the financing options a company uses to finance its investments. However, deciding on an optimal capital mix has been a huge task for most telecommunication companies. The main objective of this study is to examined the effect of capital structure on performance of the quoted telecommunication companies in Nigeria. The study used an ex-post facto research design. The study population consisted of 9 quoted telecommunication companies on Nigeria Stock exchange. The purposive sampling technique was adopted to select a sample of seven (7) telecommunication firms for the period of ten years (2012-2021). Data for this study were extracted from the published annual reports and accounts of the sampled companies and validated by the statutory auditors. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found that short term debt, long term debt, equity and total debt had joint and significant effect on profit before tax, return on asset, return on equity and return on capital employed of quoted telecommunication companies in Nigeria. (PBT– Adj. R2 =0.8034, Wald test = 71.51 p < 0.05; ROA – Adj. R2 = 0.1543, Wald test = 4.15, p <0.05; ROE – Adj. R2 = 0.7620, Wald test = 56.23, p < 0.05 and ROCE – Adj. R2=0.4523, Wald test =42.74, p < 0.05). The study concluded that capital structure had significant effects on the performance of telecommunication companies in Nigeria. It was recommended that the management of the telecommunication companies should pay attention to the composition of capital structure in term of short term debt, long term debt, equity and total debt and should be careful and cautious in accumulating debt that could eventually have adverse effects on their value and financial performance. Keywords: Capital Structure, Performance, Profit before Tax, return on Asset, return on Equity. Word count: 284Item Internal Control System and Performance of Listed Money Deposit Bank in Nigeria(Lead City University, 2023-12) Abdul Dimeji, ISHOLAThe aim of the study is to investigate into the Internal Control System and Performance of Listed Money Deposit Banks in Nigeria, with a particular emphasis on the impact of COSO components of internal control on the performance metrics of bank efficiency, operational performance, and asset safety in Nigerian listed money deposit banks (MDBs). The study was guided by both control theory and agency theory, particularly anchored on agency theory. The study employed a descriptive survey research approach, with a population of 1,502 staff members from all head offices of the eight selected DMBs with international authorization. The sample size for this study was 316, determined using the Taro Yamane sampling size technique. The study focused on all staff members at the head offices of the eight selected DMBs with international authorization. Purposive sampling was utilized to target at least one branch of each of the eight DMBs in, Nigeria that have international permission. Simple percentages, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were used to examine the data gathered. Positive relationships are found between internal control system components and bank efficiency, operational performance, and asset safety (p 0.05). Risk assessment enhances bank efficiency and operational performance, but has little influence on asset safety. The internal control system has a substantial effect on bank efficiency (F(5, 305) = 36.880, p.001), operational performance (F(5, 305) = 29.361, p.001), and asset safety (F(5, 305) = 38.998, p.001). Finally, the internal control system has a significant impact on the performance of Nigerian deposit money banks (DMBs), with the Control Environment, Monitoring Activities, Risk Assessment, Control Activities, and Information and Communication variables all playing important roles in improving bank efficiency. It is advised that DMBs undertake frequent training and development programs, incorporate best and trending evaluation approaches, and create partnership with regulatory agencies to further improve their performance efficiency. Keywords: Internal Control System, Internal Control Components, Performance, Bank Efficiency, Operational Performance, Asset Safety Word Count: 300Item Mortgage Financing, Innovation Capability and Housing Loan Performance of Accredited Primary Mortgage Banks in Nigeria(Lead City University, 2023-12) Abiodun Fasunle FASHINAThe housing loan performance is measured by access to finance, homeownership loan volume, non-performing loan ratio and service efficiency of the primary mortgage bank (PMB). This study examined the influence of mortgage financing (MF) and innovation capability (IC) on housing loan performance (HLP) of accredited PMBs in Nigeria. The study employed cross-sectional mixed method survey design with two populations representing 20 accredited PMBs and 129,163 National Housing Fund (NHF) Scheme contributors registered with FMBN Ikeja Office. Also, obtained a classified secondary data on NHF loan disbursements to PMBs and NPL ratios from 2012 to 2022 from FMBN. A sample of 10 accredited PMBs in Lagos was determine by cluster sampling technique in which 4 credit officers were selected in each of the PMB applying purposive sampling method to arrive at a total of 40 credit officers. The sample size of 400 NHF Scheme contributors was computed using Taro Yamane formula. The study applied structured questionnaire as research instrument that was validated using content and construct validity. The descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyse the data. The major findings revealed that MF and IC have significant influence on HLP (Adj. R2 = 0.590, F (3,33) = 18.274, p = 0.000) and government housing policy (GHP) has significant moderating effect on the functional relationship between MF, IC and HLP (R2∆ = 0.055, F∆ = 5.275, p = 0.028) of accredited PMBs in Nigeria. The study concluded that MF and IC had significant influence on HLP of accredited PMBs in Nigeria. The study recommended that the management of PMBs should take appropriate measures to strengthen performance dimension of service efficiency. Also, the management of PMBs must continue to implement the relevant housing policies that support the performance effect of MF and IC that are existing in the mortgage banks in Nigeria. Keywords: housing loan performance, primary mortgage banks, homeownership, mortgage financing, innovation capability, NHF Scheme contributors, government housing policy, credit officers Word Count: 300.Item Managerial Traits, Firm Characteristics and Capital Structure Decision of Listed Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria(Lead City University, 2023-12) Mayor Matthew BAMIDELEThis study examined the influence of managerial traits, firm characteristics and capital structure decision of sampled 34 listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria for a period of 2010-2020. The specific objectives are to; examine the impact of managerial traits on capital structure decision, influence of firm performance variables on the capital structure decision, assess the effect offirm structure variables on capital structure decision, and evaluate the influence of firm monitoring variable on the capital structure decision. Longitudinal panel research design was used and judgmental sampling technique used to select sample size of 34 firms. Secondary data were sourced from annual report of sampled 34 firms. Data were analysed through descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of hypothesis one showed overall significant of joint explanatory variables of managerial traits and macroeconomic variables are considered as whole determinants of leverage in Nigerian firms (F-stat. 2.362317 ; P-val. <0.05). The result of hypothesis two showed that there was a significant influence of performance variables on leverage structure as indicated by overall significant of (F-stat. 19.4770, P-val.< 0.05) level of significant. The result of hypothesis three revealed an overall significant of joint influence of firm structure variable, macroeconomic variables on leverage structure among Nigerian listed firms (F- stat.=17.32804; P-val.<0.05). The result of hypothesis four disclosed an overall significant of joint influence of monitoring variables and macroeconomic variables on leverage structure among Nigerian listed firms as (F- stat. 17.49340; P-val.< 0.05respectively. The study concluded that managerial traitsand firm attributes are considered as determinants of optimal capital structure decision. This study recommended that the managementshould take edge of their firms’ profitability and growth opportunity to increase return on investment and lower of debt. Keywords: Managerial traits, capital structure, firm characteristics, profitability, firm growth. Word Count: 296Item Taxation and Financial Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Ibadan, Nigeria(Lead City University, 2023-12) Sunday Abimbola AJAYIThis study investigated the influence of taxation on the financial performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, aiming to identify the effects of Company Income Tax (CIT), Capital Gains Tax (CGT), and Value Added Tax (VAT). The research was motivated by the observed complexity and burden of tax compliance for SMEs, filling a gap in understanding how specific taxes impact their financial viability. Utilizing a judgmental sampling technique, 120 SMEs in five bustling urban Local Government Areas in Ibadan were selected, ensuring inclusion of diligent tax-payers. Data were gathered through meticulously distributed questionnaires, employing a systematic approach considering both location and optimal times for retrieval. The study revealed that CIT, CGT, and VAT significantly hindered growth and profitability for SMEs, with respondents consistently viewing these taxes as barriers to investment and expansion. It concluded that the current tax system is challenging for SMEs, necessitating recommendations for tax reform that include simplifying regulations, providing incentives, exemptions, and actively engaging SME owners in policy formulation. Implementing these strategies, it suggests, would foster a more conducive tax environment for SMEs in the region. Keywords: Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), Taxation, Company Income Tax (CIT), Capital Gains Tax (CGT), Value Added Tax (VAT), Financial Performance, Ibadan, Oyo State, Tax Reform, Policy Formulation Word Count: 185Item Sustainability Reporting and Financial Performance of Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria(Lead City University, 2023-12) Adedolapo Esther AJAYIRecent years have seen an increase of interest in sustainability reporting from the business community, bringing with it the deserved attention from around the world. One possible explanation is that in recent years, interest among stakeholders in firms’ non-financial activities has increased. As such, this research looked into the correlations between environmental, social, employee health and safety, and economic sustainability reporting and the performance measures (Gross Profit after Tax and Return on Capital Employed) of Nigeria's Deposit Money Banks. Ex- post facto research design was adopted and all of the Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria served as the population for this study, from which a random selection of 10 listed DMBs were judgmentally sampled. Data was acquired from the financial reports of the sampled banks was analysed using panel regression analysis across a 11-year time span (2010-2021). The findings shows that Corporate Social Sustainability Reporting had a negative and insignificant effect on financial performance measures with the probability value of 49% which is extremely higher than 0.05% statistically insignificant. Economic Sustainability Reporting documented a statistically significant positive effect of economic sustainability on performance measures(0.4781***). Similarly, Environmental Sustainability Reporting also showed positive significant effect on both performance measure (0.0148***). Finally, employee health and safety sustainability disclosure affect firm performance positively and significantly with a t-statistic of 3.23 and prob-value of 0.00 which is significant at 0.05 indicating statistical significance. it was recommended that reporting on environmental issues was helpful to the firms' health and survival, and so regulations that would sustain such reporting (such as required disclosure on environmental issues) should be encouraged. In addition, businesses and financial institutions should prioritise customer satisfaction to boost the approval of policies promoting engagement in social sustainability and, by extension, reduce the likelihood of financial losses. Keywords: Economics Sustainability, Environmental Sustainability, Return on Capital Employed, Social Sustainability and Sustainability Reporting. Word Count: 294Item Commercial Bank Loans, Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) and Economic Growth in Nigeria(Lead City University, 2023-12) Fiyinfoluwa Deborah ADELEKEThe focus of this study is to critically investigate the dynamic commercial banks loan, small- scale businesses in terms of SMEs' access to credit facilities on economic growth in Nigeria. It is guided by financial mediation theory, credit creation theory, and pecking order theory, with a focus on the Credit Creation Theory. The research design is ex-post facto, and the population includes the entire Nigerian economy and SMEs that received commercial bank loans. Purposive sampling is used, and data from secondary sources with the period of observation was limited to ten (10) years which span from 2013 to 2022, primarily the CBN bulletin, are analyzed using simple percentages, correlation analysis, linear regression, and ANOVA. The results shows that in correlational analysis, there is a weak negative correlation between commercial banks' loan to SMES and GDP, and strong positive correlations between commercial banks loan to SMES and both SMES’ contribution/output and average capacity utilization with (P <0.05). Commercial Banks Loan to SMEs had a non-significant effect on GDP (Adj R2 = 0.03164, F(5,137)= 0.325213, p= 0.574543); Commercial Banks Loan to SMES and Average Capacity Utilization (Adj R2 = 0.472707, F(5,137)= 20.72255, p= 0.0002); and return on asset (Adj R2 = 0.354618, F = 13.08832, p= 0.0016). Furthermore, there is a significant difference between the means of the four variables being compared (average capacity utilization, SMES’ contribution/output, commercial banks loan TO SMES, and GDP) with (F=147.3154, p<0.05). Increasing commercial loans to Nigerian SMEs can positively influence economic growth by improving SMEs' contribution/output and average capacity utilization. Policymakers and financial institutions should offer favorable loan terms, targeted sector support, and improved access to finance to stimulate growth, job creation, and poverty reduction. Keywords: Commercial Banks Loan, SMEs Credit Facilities, Economic Growth, Average Capacity Utilization SMES’ Contribution/Output, GDP Word Count: 281Item Credit Risk Management Practices and Performance of Selected Microfinance Banks in Nigeria(Lead City University, 2023-12) Stephen Kayode ADEKUNLECredit risk management has been one of the critical challenges facing Nigerian Microfinance Banks (MfB’s) due to loan repayment defaults, poor assets quality, inadequate loan loss provisions and capital adequacy. This study empirically investigates the effect of Credit Risk Management (CRM) practices on selected microfinance banks performance in Nigeria from 2016 to 2020. It uses a secondary dataset to evaluate the effect of credit risk management practices on return on asset (ROA), return on equity (ROE), net interest margin (NIM), client base (CB) and operating income (OI) of some selected MfBs. EVIEWS and STATA statistical packages were used to carry out the descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, scatter charts and the regression analysis. The findings reveal that Non-performing loan ratio has negative and significant relationship with ROA ( 0.12,t c 1.20, p 0.05) , ROE ( 3.11,t c 3.14, p 0.05) , NIM ( 0.22,t c 0.15, p0.05) , CB ( 0.21, t c 2.18, p 0.05) and OI( 0.14,t c 1.19, p 0.05) . Loan loss provision to deposit ratio has negative and significant effect on ROA ( 0.12,t c 4.56, p 0.05) , ROE ( 0.04, t c 1.89, p 0.1) , NIM ( 1.55,t c 3.44, p 0.05) , but positively affects CB ( 0.03, t c 2.71, p 0.05) and OI ( 0.04,t c 1.12, p 0.05) . Also, Asset Quality Ratio has positive effect on all parameters of MFBs i.e. ROA ( 0.10,t c 1.08, p 0.05) , ROE ( 0.31,t c 3.28, p 0.05) , NIM ( 0.03,t c 0.02, p 0.05) , CB ( 0.20,tc 2.05, p 0.05) and OI ( 0.17, tc 1.47, p 0.05) . However, leverage ratio negatively affect ROA ( 2.48,tc 1.90, p 0.1) , ROE ( 0.23,tc 3.82, p 0.05) , NIM( 6.74,tc 3.65, p 0.05) and OI( 0.05 tc 0.71, p 0.05) but directly influence CB ( 0.63,tc 10.44, p 0.05) . The joint predictors of credit risk management adversely influence ROA ( 0.17,tc 2.12, p 0.05) , ROE ( 0.06,tc 0.96, p 0.05) , NIM ( 0.84,tc 0.62, p 0.05) , CB ( 0.38,tc 5.37, p 0.05) , and OI ( 0.003,tc 0.07, p 0.05) . The study concludes that credit risk management significantly influenced the performance of MfB’s in Nigeria and recommends that the management must pay adequate attention to understand and improve its credit risk management practices to ensure positive performance and avoid the negative consequences of wrong practices. Also, a dynamic regulatory framework is needed to ensure MfB’s delivered on the expected gains and avoid unnecessary loss of customers’ deposits. Keywords: Bank performance, Client base, Credit risk, Microfinance Banks, Micro loans.Item Tax Revenue and Infrastructural Development of Health Sector in Nigeria(Lead City University, 2023-12) Abayomi Oluwaseun ADELEYEA nation's healthcare infrastructure is a cornerstone of its socioeconomic development and the well-being of its citizens. In the case of Nigeria, a nation known for its diverse and dynamic landscape, the provision of accessible and high-quality healthcare services presents an ever- pressing challenge. Against the backdrop of a rapidly growing population and an ever-evolving healthcare landscape, the ability of the government to fund and enhance the healthcare system becomes paramount. Hence, this study examined the impact of tax revenues collected by the federal government of Nigeria on infrastructural development of the health sector. The study adopted an ex post facto research design. The data required for the study was obtained from secondary sources through relevant federal government agencies such as CBN Statistical Bulletin, Federal Inland Revenue Services (FIRS). Tax revenue collected from CIT, PPT, EDT, and VAT sources from 2013 to 2021 made up the population of the study. Sample size consists of all tax revenue collected between 2013 and 2021 because, most of the data last update (like FIRS) was 2021. The findings from the descriptive analysis showed that average level of inflation rate in Nigeria for the period under study (2013-2021) is approximately 12.4% which is relatively high. The hypothesis showed that the expenditure on Health Infrastructural Development has positive relationship with company income tax (CIT), Petroleum Profit Tax (PPT), Value Added Tax (VAT) and has a non-significant positive relationship with Education Tax (EDT). The study therefore concluded that the that petroleum profit Tax (PPT) and Company Income Tax (CIT) and Value Added Tax (VAT) are the only three taxes that significantly influences the development healthcare infrastructure in Nigeria while Education Tax do not significantly influence health care infrastructural development in the country. The study recommended that effective, efficient and transparent structure of collection should be encouraged to support the contribution of these taxes to transparently spending these funds generated on health care development in a manner that will improve the nations Heath facilities and also adequate and transparent revenue should be generated through Value Added Tax (VAT). Keywords: Federal Government, Health Sector, Infrastructural Development, Nigeria, Tax Revenues Word Count: 340Item Pension Reforms and Employees Savings in Oyo State, Nigeria(Lead City University, 2022-12) Tunde Adewumi OPADOTUNThe study looked at the impact of pension reforms on employee savings in Oyo State, Nigeria, with a particular focus on the effect of a contributory pension scheme on employee savings. To explore employees' attitudes toward saving in the contributory pension reform scheme, this study used a descriptive survey research design and relied on primary data collected through field work and archives. Questionnaires were given to 262 employees of the Oyo State Public Service as a means of gathering data for the study. Questionnaires are an effective quantitative research instrument for studying human attitudes and behavior. Necessary changes, and the final draft was evaluated using the Cronbach's Alpha test. Result depicts that about 64.5% systematic variation in Employees savings (ES) is explained by pension reform (PR) while the remaining 35.5% could be attributed to exogenous factors. 64.1% of the total variation in employees’ savings is accounted by changes in the incorporated explanatory variable. The F-ratio value of 207.939 is found to be statistically significant at (P<0.01). Value of constant (ά0) of 0.729 with significant t-statistics value of 10.583 implies the value of employees’ savings at zero level of pension reform. While the coefficient pension reform (1) is 1.387 indicates that a unit increase in pension reform will result to an increase of 1.387 in employees’ savings. The general form of the model to predict RPB from PR is predicted ES = 0.729 + (1.387) CPS + U0 as obtained from coefficients table. Contributory Pension Reform assures that employees establish a saving habit that leads to investment vital for economic development. Study came to the conclusion that the Contributory Pension Reform had an impact on workers' savings. PFAs may establish a more comprehensive and robust asset portfolio investment strategy. Keywords: Contributory Pension, Pension Reform, Regulatory Authorities, Retirement. Word Count: 299Item Internal Control and Organizational Performance of Selected Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria.(Lead City University, 2022-12) Iyabode Kurfilat HASSANThis study investigated the relationship between internal control and organizational performance of selected deposit money banks in Nigeria with specific objectives to determine the impact of risk assessment on the performance of DMBs in Nigeria; evaluate the relationship between monitoring activities and performance of DMBs in Nigeria; and establish the impact of control activities on the performance of DMBs in Nigeria. It is expected that effective internal control mechanisms in any organization assist to improve the achievement of organization’s goals and objectives. As it is yet to be determined whether or not the internal control mechanism has a major impact on performance of DMBs in Nigeria, this study was prompted by the fact that there are still numerous unresolved issues in Nigeria's DMBs' internal control mechanisms. Primary data was collected using questionnaires administered to top level employees and other employees of 11 banks using a purposive random sample of 150 respondents out of which 97 responses were collected. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, exploratory factor analysis and regression with aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. The result of the analysis shows that risk assessment, monitoring activities and control activities each have a positive and significant impact on financial, non financial and overall organizational performance DMBs in Nigeria. Based on the research findings it can be concluded that internal control mechanism is a significant predictor of organization performance and that effective internal control systems must incorporate the effects of risk assessment, monitoring and control activities to enhance organizational performance of DMBs. The study therefore recommended that internal control systems especially risk assessment, monitoring activities and control activities are significant areas and management of DMBs in Nigeria should give great attention to them in order to improve organizational performance. Keywords: Risk assessment, Monitoring Activities, Control Activities, Financial performance, Non financial performance. Word Count: 295Item Financial Reporting Quality, Ownership Structure and Financial Performance of Nigerian Non-Financial Quoted Companies (2009-2020)(Lead City University, 2022-12) Ilesanmi Isaac OMOLEThe study examined the trend and pattern of financial reporting quality from 2009 to 2020, assessed the factors that determine financial reporting quality of non-financial quoted Nigerian companies and investigated the long run and short run effects of financial reporting quality on corporate performance of non-financial quoted companies in Nigeria. It also analyzed the dynamic relationships among financial reporting quality, ownership structure and corporate performance of non-financial quoted companies and examined the interactive effects of financial reporting quality and ownership structure and corporate performance of non-financial quoted companies in Nigeria. The study employed secondary source of data collection. A sample of 60 quoted companies out of 107 non-financial listed companies in Nigeria were purposively selected based on availability of required information in their annual reports and the existence of the companies over a period of 2009-2020. The findings revealed that interaction between financial reporting quality and ownership structure has a positive effect on performance. The study recommended that regulatory agency should pay adequate attention to monitoring rules that will guarantee definite rules for the avoidance of “window dressing behavior” of management in financial reporting, also, should Endeavor to regulate the ownership structure of companies through policies, so as to stimulate the financial performance. Industrial regulators should emphasize the need for the mix of institutional, foreign and managerial involvement in companies, both in terms of equity ownership and significant presence on the board of directors to allay the agency problems, thereby help to reduce the conflict of interest between managers and shareholders, companies should increase their institutional owners since its control mechanisms would avoid collision between managers and dominants shareholders so as to prevent the problem of expropriation. Keywords: Managerial Ownership, Institutional Ownership, Foreign Ownership, Firm size, Financial Reporting Quality, Tobins- QItem Social Disclosure and Financial Performance of Listed Food and Beverage Companies in Nigeria(Lead City University, 2022-12) Bihu Beauty AYONThis study examined social disclosures and financial performance of food and beverage companies in Nigeria between 2011-2020. The study used secondary data acquired from the selected food and beverage companies' yearly reports and records for 10 years and other relevant academic publications. The population of the study comprises all the 17 food and beverage companies quoted on the trading floor of the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE). A sample size of 15 companies were then purposively selected. Content analysis was deployed to determine the extent of disclosures in their annual reports, panel data regression models was deployed in exploring facts and in examining the research objectives of investigating the relationship between social disclosures and financial performance. Social disclosure was captured by CMI, EMC, PDR and HRP while financial performance was proxied by ROE, ROA, LEV, and EPS. The result showed that EMC has a positive relationship and insignificant with ROA at 0.0871 while CMI, PDR, & HRD have negative but insignificant relationship with ROA at -0.771, - 1.762, & -0.471. Further finding shows that CMI has a significant negative relationship with ROE at -8.204 with the result indicating 1% level of significance, while EMC, PDR & HRP have positive but insignificant relationship with ROE at 2.350, 2.516 & 0.599 respectively. The study observed that an increase in the social disclosures may not necessarily lead to increase in financial performance of the company. Therefore, the research concluded that voluntary corporate social disclosure alone would not lead to higher financial performance of food and beverage companies in Nigeria. The study however recommended that managers and Chief Executives of companies in Nigeria should endeavor to encourage the preparation of standalone reports, as against the current practice, and policymakers should strengthen social disclosure responsibilities.Item Automated Accounting System, Big Data Analytics and External Audit Process in South - West, Nigeria(Lead City University, 2022-12) Amos Olusola AKINOLAThere had been extensive discuss of external audit process in a manual accounting system environment but this is not the case when the same is to be discussed in an automated accounting system. Similar to this is auditors need to embrace big data analytics in this era of big data. In the light of this, this study examined the effect of automated accounting system (AAS) and big data analytics (BDAs) on external audit process in South-west, Nigeria. A descriptive (cross sectional) survey design was adopted for this study while primary data was sourced with the aid of structured questionnaire drawn on four Likert scale and and a total 514 copies questionnaire were physically/virtually administered to auditors in private engagement in six states of South west, Nigeria. Collected data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as percentages and means while partial least square structural equation. Findings show that AAS has significant effect on audit independence (Adjusted R 2 =0.728; p<0.05. AAS has significant effect on audit quality (Adjusted R 2 of 0.841; p<0.05. Also, AAS has significant effect on determination of audit fees (Adjusted R 2 = 0.785; p< 0.05) while AAS is equally found to have significant on audit evidence (Adjusted R 2 of 0.798; p< 0.05) and the effect of BDAs on both audit quality and audit evidence is found to be significant (Adjusted R 2 = 0.687; p<0.05) and (Adjusted R 2 = 0.868; p<0.05) respectively. The joint effect of AAS and BDAs on external audit process is equally found to be significant (Adjusted R 2 = 0.868; and p<0.05). The study recommends that corporate institutions in South-west, Nigeria should embrace automated accounting system, while audit firms especially those in mid-tier should embrace capacity building in form of training of every staff members in engagement team on the application of BDAs. Keywords: Accounting automation; Audit evidence; Audit fees; Audit independence; Audit quality; Big data analytics; External audit process. Words Count 298