Coverage, Barriers and Facilitators of Tetanus Toxoid Immunization among Pregnant Women in Selected Local Government Area in Ogun State
| dc.contributor.author | Yusuf Amuda RABIU | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2026-01-30T09:59:45Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2026-01-30T09:59:45Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2025-12 | |
| dc.description.abstract | Tetanus remains one of the persistent vaccine-preventable diseases contributing significantly to maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in developing countries, particularly Nigeria. Despite global progress, maternal and neonatal tetanus elimination targets remain unmet in several regions due to suboptimal immunization coverage. This study investigated the coverage, barriers, facilitators, and determinants of tetanus toxoid immunization among pregnant women in Ogun State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study design was employed, and data were obtained from 1,014 pregnant women selected through multistage sampling across three senatorial local government area of Ogun State. Most of the participants (84.2%) received information during antenatal visits, emphasizing on the critical role of antenatal care attendance in facilitating awareness and vaccine uptake. Healthcare worker motivation (83.1%) and health education during antenatal care (44%) were the major facilitators of uptake. Furthermore, 85.9% of respondents acknowledged the supportive role of community health workers, while 77.9% and 72.0% reported that community awareness campaigns and local leaders, respectively, encouraged TT immunization. Chi-square analysis showed a significant association between place of residence and accessibility to immunization services (χ² = 13.258, p = 0.001), indicating that women in rural areas reported easier access compared to their urban counterparts. Similarly, educational level (p = 0.001), occupation (p = 0.001), ethnicity (p = 0.001), and income status (p = 0.006) were significantly related to TT awareness and uptake. Partner support was a major determinant, with a significant influence on both vaccine uptake (χ² = 120.74, p = 0.001) and adherence to full dosage (χ² = 36.807, p = 0.001). Binary logistic regression further revealed that knowledge of tetanus toxoid immunization was a strong predictor of access (OR = 3.619, 95% CI: 1.691–7.616, p = 0.001). Ethnicity also showed a significant effect, with Yoruba women being over five times more likely to access TT than Hausa women (OR = 5.038, p = 0.027). Educational level was a significant predictor, as women without formal education were less likely to access TT immunization (OR = 0.828, p = 0.03). The study concludes that tetanus toxoid immunization coverage among pregnant women in Ogun State is relatively high but remains below the optimal threshold for complete maternal and neonatal protection. Uptake is significantly influenced by educational attainment, ethnicity, knowledge level, partner support, and healthcare accessibility, while socioeconomic barriers, cultural perceptions, and logistical constraints continue to hinder universal coverage. It is therefore recommended that government and health authorities intensify community-based health education to improve awareness, especially among uneducated and low income women. Keywords: Tetanus toxoid, pregnant women, immunization coverage, barriers, facilitators Word Count: 409 | |
| dc.identifier.citation | kate Turabian | |
| dc.identifier.other | P.hD | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://repository.lcu.edu.ng/handle/123456789/1271 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.publisher | Lead City University, Ibadan | |
| dc.relation.ispartofseries | P.hD | |
| dc.subject | etanus toxoid | |
| dc.subject | pregnant women | |
| dc.subject | immunization coverage | |
| dc.subject | barriers | |
| dc.subject | facilitators | |
| dc.title | Coverage, Barriers and Facilitators of Tetanus Toxoid Immunization among Pregnant Women in Selected Local Government Area in Ogun State | |
| dc.type | Thesis |