Relative Efficacy and Economic Welfare Impacts Assessment of Command-and-Control and Economic Incentive Market-based Instruments on Environmental Pollution Associated with Energy Consumption in India

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dc.contributor.authorAdeyemi Ayobami EBO
dc.date.accessioned2026-10-27T10:24:49Z
dc.date.available2026-10-27T10:24:49Z
dc.date.issued2024-09
dc.description.abstractThis study evaluates the relative efficacy and economic welfare impacts of command-and-control regulations and market-based instruments in mitigating environmental pollution resulting from energy consumption in India. Industrialization has propelled India's economic growth, but it has also significantly contributed to environmental degradation, particularly through increased energy consumption and pollutant emissions. The study is grounded in Porter’s Hypothesis, which posits that well-designed environmental regulations can stimulate innovation and enhance economic competitiveness. Using data from the World Development Indicators, the study employs a regression model to analyze the impacts of CO2 Trading Schemes (market-based instruments) and Emission Limit Values (command-and-control measures) on Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions, with GDP as a control variable. The findings reveal that both policy approaches significantly influence CO2 emissions, with command-and-control measures exhibiting a stronger impact. However, there is a trade-off between the two strategies, as reflected in the perfect negative correlation between them. The results underscore the necessity of a balanced regulatory framework that integrates both market-based incentives and command-and-control measures to effectively address environmental pollution while promoting economic welfare. The study concludes with recommendations for Indian policymakers to develop an integrated policy framework that leverages the strengths of both approaches, strengthens enforcement mechanisms, promotes sustainable development, and engages stakeholders in the pursuit of environmental and economic objectives.
dc.identifier.citationAPA
dc.identifier.issn2354-3981
dc.identifier.urihttps://repository.lcu.edu.ng/handle/123456789/1666
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherJournal of Capital Development in Behavioural Sciences
dc.relation.ispartofseriesVol. 12 Issue 2
dc.subjectCommand-and-Control
dc.subjectEconomic Incentive Market-based Instruments
dc.subjectEnvironmental Pollution
dc.subjectEnergy Consumption
dc.subjectIndia.
dc.titleRelative Efficacy and Economic Welfare Impacts Assessment of Command-and-Control and Economic Incentive Market-based Instruments on Environmental Pollution Associated with Energy Consumption in India
dc.typeArticle

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