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Community-Based Tourism and Development of Waterfall Attractions in Southwest, Nigeria: Case of Erin Ijesha and Arinta Waterfalls
(International Journal of Contemporary Research in Humanities, 2024) Adekunle A. BASHIRU; Jane ADEBUSUYI; Olusola S. FOLORUNSO
This study examined community-based Torism (CBT) and the development of waterfall attractions in Southwest Nigeria, focusing on Erin-Ijesha and Arinta waterfalls. Using a descriptive survey design, the research explored community roles in developing these attractions, particularly their participation levels, satisfaction, and perceived impact on host communities. A total of 365 residents participated in the survey; the data was collected through self-structured questionnaires measuring community roles, participation, satisfaction, and the impact of waterfall development. Descriptive (percentages and mean ranking) and inferential statistics (independent sample t-tests and ANOVA) were employed for analysis. The findings revealed that, while communities are seen as integral to waterfall project planning, government consultations, and tourism promotion, actual participation in these developmental activities is low, resulting in widespread dissatisfaction. However, despite the limited participation, residents perceive positive impacts of the waterfalls on cultural heritage and environmental sustainability. Additionally, demographic factors such as age and religious affiliation were found to influence participation levels and perceptions of tourism development. The study underscores the need for greater community involvement and satisfaction in waterfall development to foster sustainable tourism and preserve cultural and environmental resources in Southwest Nigeria. Keywords: Community-Based Tourism, Waterfall Attraction, Community Development, Community Participation, Stakeholders
The Polarisation of Internally Displaced Persons and Humanitarian Crises in Northeast Nigeria
(International Journal of Contemporary Research in Humanities, 2024) Oluwasegun Dare OGUNSAKIN; Kenneth Olusanmi FRANCIS
This study examines the internally displaced persons (IDPs) and humanitarian crises in Northeast Nigeria. The ongoing problem and high rate of the Boko Haram insurgency in northeastern Nigeria have bedevilled the region where the humanitarian crises have increased. The research engaged in the qualitative content method of generating data for analysis through secondary sources from publications, articles, journals, the Internet, and libraries. Notably, the study discovered that the IDPs are faced with challenges of settlement especially in a new community. Majority of the IDPs are more preoccupied with how to return to their local integration or resettlement than a return. The increasing level of socio-economic and other basic needs challenges facing IDPs in northeastern Nigeria is worrisome. Most of them are faced with issues of attack and psychological effects from the insurgency crisis. Since 2015, northeastern Nigeria — mainly the states of Adamawa, Borno, and Yobe — has experienced ongoing insecurity brought on by Boko Haram and the Islamic State of West Africa (ISWA). This has caused population relocation, interrupted livelihoods, hunger, and protection issues. The regional humanitarian crisis needs urgent attention to support northeastern Nigeria's various IDPs and workers. The significant factors IDPs associate with the choice of return are the need to rebuild livelihoods and restore social and community networks. The study concludes and recommends that the government and all nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) should support the IDPs and humanitarian work in the northeastern region of Nigeria. Also, the Nigerian government needs to do more by providing security to secure lives and properties in the area. Keywords: Internally Displaced Persons, Security, Humanitarian Crisis, Northeast Nigeria
Indigenous Knowledge and Politics of Coastal Resource Management in the Ilaje Communities, Ondo State, Nigeria
(International Journal of Contemporary Research in Humanities, 2024) Emmanuel Selome FASINU; Adebola Afolake ALADE, PhD
This study investigated the role of indigenous knowledge in coastal resource management within the Ilaje communities of Ondo State, Nigeria. The study examined the intricate relationship between traditional ecological knowledge, local governance structures, and resource management practices. It emphasised the significance of incorporating indigenous perspectives into contemporary coastal resource management. The objectives of the study were to: document indigenous knowledge systems used in coastal resource management; assess the integration of these systems into local and regional policies; and provide recommendations for incorporating indigenous knowledge in sustainable resource management. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, involving participatory mapping, interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis. The theory of commons governance served as the theoretical framework, underscoring the importance of local institutions and knowledge systems in managing shared resources. The findings revealed a rich indigenous knowledge present within Ilaje communities, including traditional fishing practices, sacred groves, and local conservation measures. However, the integration of this knowledge into local and regional resource management policies and practices remains limited, resulting in ineffective governance. Key barriers include inadequate recognition and documentation of indigenous practices and insufficient dialogue between local communities and government agencies. In conclusion, the study recognised that incorporating indigenous knowledge into community-based management plans has enormous potentials to improve the resilience and sustainability of coastal ecosystems. To address these challenges, the study recommended documenting and recognising the values of indigenous knowledge, facilitating dialogue and partnerships between communities, researchers, and policymakers, and integrating indigenous knowledge into formal education and capacity-building programmes. Overall, the study highlighted the importance of indigenous knowledge in sustainable coastal resource management and offered insights for incorporating local practices and perspectives into contemporary governance strategies in Nigeria and beyond. Keywords: Indigenous Knowledge, Community-based Management, Coastal Resource Management, Sustainability, Ilaje Communities
Christian Leadership in the Face of Church Politics
(International Journal of Contemporary Research in Humanities, 2024) Alaba Bukola IFABIYI, PhD
The concept of church politics often carries a negative connotation, but Christian leadership should be viewed as a privilege to serve God and others. Church politics refers to the interactions and power dynamics among individuals in authority, which can be either godly or ungodly. Christian leadership positions should be seen as a privilege and opportunity to serve God and mankind. Unfortunately, many Christian leaders are failing to discharge their duties, and church politics has become increasingly dangerous and divisive. Some individuals will stop at nothing to attain leadership positions, even if it means destroying the reputations of others. Church politics reflects the action and reaction of an individual in a position of authority towards others in discharging God’s given authority and power. This study, based on participant observations and interactions with members and pastors, aims to shift perspectives on church politics and Christian leadership. The findings highlight the need for urgent attention to develop good moral values within the church. The paper concludes by recommending that the clergies should teach members about responsible leadership and urging the church to uphold biblical standards. By promoting servant leadership and glorifying God, Christian leaders can transform the discourse on church politics and create a more positive, uplifting environment. Keywords: Leadership, Church, Politics, Christianity, Servant
Achieving Sustainable Development Goals through Effective Flood Management in Nigeria: Lessons from the Netherlands
(International Journal of Contemporary Research in Humanities, 2024) Oluwabusayo Olayinka OLUSOLA-ILORI
It is a known fact that, from time immemorial, flood has been ravaging many communities across the globe, and Nigeria is no exception. Flooding comes with many devastating effects and could negatively affect the laudable sustainable development goals (SDGs). The paper was an attempt to find lasting solution to the challenge of perennial flooding in Nigeria. The paper examined some of the causes, the consequences and reviewed some of the government interventions on flooding in Nigeria. There was a comparative review of several articles on flood management in Nigeria and the Netherlands. Three findings were deduced from the materials reviewed on flood management in Netherlands Spatial Planning; Flood Defenses Mechanism; and Flood Forecasts, Alerts and Evacuation. These findings and implications were discussed within the purview of general systems theory (GST) towards effective flood management in Nigeria. And the following were recommended: government agencies should carry out the sensitisation and enforcement of policies for people to desist from blocking waterways and buildings on flood plains; proactivity and investment in flood mitigation methods such as dam building, dredging rivers, clearing of drainages and natural canals; and finally, relevant flood prevention agencies should be well funded and monitored to avoid mismanagement. Keywords: Flooding; Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); Flood Management; Government Agencies; General Systems Theory
A Review of the Role of Social Media in Nigerian Youth Participation in Elections
(International Journal of Contemporary Research in Humanities (, 2024) A. M. IDIALU; J. G. AKPOKO
The youth’s seeming apathy towards politics has continued to resonate among researchers, policy makers and other stakeholders. However, the emergence of social media has opened up new frontiers for citizens, especially the youths who are known to be the most populous social media natives. The main purpose of this study is to explore how social media serves as a tool for political sensitisation, mobilisation and influence on participation of Nigerian youths in the electoral process. The study relied on desk review of existing secondary data to establish youths’ utilization of social media and participation in the electoral process. It presents perspectives on media, social media, youths, youth participation, challenges of social media usage in the electoral processes and recommendations. The study is also hinged on technological determinism theory. Findings of study reveal that, with the right enablement, the Nigerian youth will be actively involved in the political process. It also reveals that lack of professionalism, fake news and hate speeches are some challenges of social media usage for political activities and recommends that laws to punish erring users of social media be considered seriously when promoting the use of social media among the youths. Keywords: Youth, Nigerian, Social Media, Participation and Electoral Process
A Constructive Intervention in Martha Nussbaum and Ingrid Robeyns’ Capabilitarianism and its Implications for Sustainable Development in Nigeria (2012-2022)
(International Journal of Contemporary Research in Humanities, 2024) Ayomide AJIBOYE, PhD; Ronald Olufemi BADRU, PhD; Peter Ayoola ODERINDE, PhD
Capability Approach is one of the topics examined in development studies; it emphasises the understanding that human welfare and access to unlimited opportunities is important to economic success and this can in turn help to create sustainable development. Creating sustainable development is of significance to addressing the social, economic, and environmental challenges faced in Nigeria. However, there has been a major problem in Nigeria militating against the achievement of sustainable development goals in line with the Vision 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study seeks to carry out a constructive intervention in Martha Nussbaum’s and Ingrid Robeyns’ Capabilitarianism to solve the problem of sustainable development in Nigeria. It employs a qualitative research design using the method of secondary data collection to analyse the data. To achieve sustainable development in Nigeria, especially the SDGs, there is a need for constructive intervention using the capability frameworks of Martha Nussbaum and Ingrid Robeyns to advance social justice, equity, improve quality of lives and guarantee a more sustainable future. Keywords: Capability Approach, Sustainable Development, Development Ethics, Capabilitarianism, Nigeria, Sustainable Development Goals
The Effect of Information Communication Technology (ICT) on The Development of The First African Church Mission, Nigeria
(International Journal of Contemporary Research in Humanities, 2024) Segun Ayotunde OLULOWO, PhD; Babawale Solomon TAIWO, PhD; Samuel Ola OGUNJOBI, PhD; Adeola Joseph ADEYEMI
This study examines how Information Communication Technology (ICT) influences the growth and development of the First African Church Mission, Nigeria. It focuses on the potential advantages, challenges, and how ICT can improve church operations, communication, and engagement with members. Science and religion, though distinct, have historically complemented each other, with technology not inherently opposing faith. Integrating technology into church services offers both opportunities and challenges. Some churches hesitate to adopt Information and Communication Technology (ICT) due to misconceptions about its impact on spiritual experiences. Historically, Christianity has effectively utilised technology to spread its message globally. This study examines the advantages and drawbacks of incorporating technology into worship services and proposes strategies for The First African Church Nigeria to leverage these benefits. Grounded in media ecology and diffusion of innovation theory, this research used a survey design, distributing 120 questionnaires with an 80 (66.7%) response rate. The survey targeted members of five purposefully selected churches of The First African Church Mission, all in Lagos, Nigeria. Data analysis relied on simple percentages. Results indicate that while many worshipers do not see virtual worship as a replacement for physical gatherings, they accept virtual alternatives when in-person attendance is impractical. Church leaders' reluctance to embrace ICT stems from limited knowledge, financial constraints, and inadequate skills. In conclusion, technology should enhance the church's mission and administrative efficiency. Recommendations include integrating ICT training into theological education and fostering collaborative efforts among denominational churches to acquire necessary technological infrastructure. Keywords: Evangelism, Internet Evangelism, Online Service, Christian Gospel and Physical Service
The “Son of Belial” in Ancient Israel and “Akukuubi” in Traditional Yoruba Society as Impelling Mechanisms for Parental Responsibility in Contemporary Nigeria
(International Journal of Contemporary Research in Humanities, 2024) Abel Olatoye IYANDA, PhD; Gabriel Kehinde OJETAYO, PhD
In every human community, living a moral life is important for mutual co-existence. However, the reverse is the case with most Nigerian youths that are notable for amoral life style as a result of unbridled freedom, selfishness and overambition, which is traceable to lack of adequate parental care. This prevailing moral decline calls for a swift reaction as it has become a notable venom in their blood. To curb the menace of moral laxity in the recent time, there is a need to take a clue from the peoples of antiquity to see and learn from their experiences how they handled such problems in their own time. In the ancient Israel and the traditional Yoruba society, several metaphorical expressions were employed as moral mechanisms while addressing the problems of parental irresponsibility. This paper therefore examines the use of the “Son of Belial” in the ancient Isreal society in line with the understanding of Akukuubi in the context of parental irresponsibility in the Yoruba society. It focuses on the relevance of this traditional method in both the ancient and the present times. Biblical texts and 20 purposively selected Yoruba proverbs were the primary data. Biblical texts were subjected to textual criticism while the Yoruba proverbs were transliterated. Using historical-critical method in the interpretation of both the Biblical texts and the selected Yoruba proverbs, the paper recommends that parenting should be more of a communal enterprise in contemporary societies; it should involve the entire community and not be limited to the parents of the children. Biological parents should also appreciate communal efforts in training children. Keywords: Son of Belial, Ancient Israel, Akukuubi, Yoruba, Parental Responsibility
Shepherd Motif in Psalm 23:1-6 and Its Implications for Church Leadership and Pastoral Care in Nigeria
(International Journal of Contemporary Research in Humanities, 2024) Olufemi Emmanuel ENIOLA
The cry of the twenty-first century Christian community is for genuine Church leaders and care givers who will not exploit, malign or neglect those who need one form of care or the other, who run to them for succor. Many people in the Church and community are experiencing spiritual, moral, financial, health, economic and psychological issues and crises that are beyond their control. The paper seeks to contribute to the body of knowledge as it underscores the significance of shepherding for Church leadership and pastoral care giving in Nigeria. Through making deductions from Johann August Ernesti’s historical-grammatical method of exegesis, the findings show that, church leaders in Nigeria must keep God’s injunction concerning Pastoral ministry as shepherds as they give a sense of belonging to the care seekers and exhibit care and compassion. This paper therefore through making deductions from the context of Psalm 23 concludes that the biblical model of shepherding provides a holistic view of what pastoral care by the church leadership entails. It is therefore recommended that Church leaders should be faithful to their calling, possess virtues that will aid their ministry, live a life of compassion and love as well as nurture and show concern for their flock. Keywords: Christian, Pastoral Care, Church Leadership, Shepherding Motif, Exposition of Psalm 23:1-6
Leveraging the Impact of Information Communication Technology (ICT) into Pedagogies of Religious and Library Studies in Federal College of Education, Abeokuta, Ogun State
(International Journal of Contemporary Research in Humanities, 2024) Francis Ayodele ABIMBOLA, PhD; James Olukunle ADESINA
Observation of trend has shown that ICT has not been effectively and adequately applied into the teaching of many subjects despite its applicability, it is against this backdrop that this paper investigates the leveraging the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) into the pedagogies of Religious and Library Studies in Federal College of Education, Abeokuta, Ogun State. One hundred (100) copies of a questionnaire were designed for 100 respondents purposely selected and used for the study. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and simple percentages. Findings revealed that thirty percent (30%) of the respondents strongly agreed that ICT tools significantly improve students' academic performance in Religious and Library Studies compared to traditional teaching methods in the study area, thirty-four percent (34%) of the respondents agreed with the statements, seventeen percent (17%) of the respondents disagreed, while the remaining nineteen percent (19%) strongly disagreed with the statements The study, therefore, recommends among others that government and school owners should facilitate the enrolment of Christian Religious Knowledge teachers in ICT training programs to enhance their digital skills. Academic board planning should collaborate with curriculum planners to include interactive ICT-specific applications as integral components of the Religious and Library Studies. Keywords: Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Colleges, Religion, Leveraging, Library Technology
The Relevance of the Nigerian Church through its Responsibility to the Society and Community Development
(International Journal of Contemporary Research in Humanities, 2024) Olusegun James ADIGUN; Adebayo Ola AFOLARANMI, PhD
The relevance of the Church to society and community cannot be underestimated if the Church wants to fulfil Christ’s mandate of great commission and be obedience to the instruction of Christ as stated in Matthew 5:16. More so, society and community where church located may sometimes face with diverse challenges and hardship such as poor social amenities, poverty, social and moral deviant, several health challenges that will require the church to show good work. The Nigerian church plays a vital role in promoting development through its various responsibilities: This development including spiritual growth and empowerment, support for community infrastructure (e.g., healthcare, education), community engagement and outreach, investment in community development projects, participation in community development initiatives, engagement with local authorities and stakeholders among others. Therefore, this paper aimed to look at the relevance of the church, as a faith-based organisation to the development of society where the church is located and operates in Nigeria. Also, this paper examined how the church can be relevant in the society and ensure there is development in such society where the church is located. The paper adopted a systematic literature review and a historical analysis. The paper reveals that Nigeria churches has make significant contribution to social responsibility, there is room for improvement, particularly in address systematic issues and promoting sustainable development within the Nigeria society. The paper concluded that the church adopting and embarking in social responsibility will be of great advantage in fulfilling the great commission. This paper, therefore, recommended that the church should make conscious effort to be actively involved more in social responsibility which can have direct impact to the immediate society in which the church operate and this will result to expected growth of the church and expansion of the kingdom of God. Keywords: Church, Community, Social Responsibility, Society, Society & Community Development
Decolonisation: Reconsidering Traditions of the Church in Nigeria in Conformity with Acts 15:19-31
(International Journal of Contemporary Research in Humanities, 2024) Joseph Dayo Makanjuola, PhD
Decolonisation is a systematic disengagement from all the idiosyncrasies of the white people from Europe that took over the lives and inheritance of our forefathers during the colonial era in Africa. Previous researchers have commented on almost every area mentioned above but less attention has been paid to the issue of monogamy/polygamy and methods of solemnisation of holy matrimony particularly in reference to the principle and doctrine of the Church as mentioned in Acts 15:19-31. Therefore, this paper defined the term decolonisation and reconsidered the traditions of the Church in Nigeria in agreement with the recommendations of the Church council in Acts 15: 19-31. Historical research method was adopted for the work while data were collected from printed and electronic sources. Decolonisation Theory (DT) was used. The theory examines reversing colonialism’s cultural, social, and economic impacts. The findings and recommendations revealed that the attitude of the Church towards the polygamists needs to be reconsidered. For instance, African dresses are not demonic; therefore, pastors and church workers can wear some African styles and still perform their duties smartly. Wedding gown and suit should be designed to promote African culture. Traditional marriage is very biblical and should be promoted by the church. The recommendations in this paper will make the Church in Nigeria original and truly independent of colonialism if implemented. Keywords: Decolonisation, Traditions, Church, Reconsideration, Monogamy, Marriage
The Relevance of the Nigerian Church through its Responsibility to the Society and Community Development
(International Journal of Contemporary Research in Humanities, 2024) Olusegun James ADIGUN; Adebayo Ola AFOLARANMI, PhD
The relevance of the Church to society and community cannot be underestimated if the Church wants to fulfil Christ’s mandate of great commission and be obedience to the instruction of Christ as stated in Matthew 5:16. More so, society and community where church located may sometimes face with diverse challenges and hardship such as poor social amenities, poverty, social and moral deviant, several health challenges that will require the church to show good work. The Nigerian church plays a vital role in promoting development through its various responsibilities: This development including spiritual growth and empowerment, support for community infrastructure (e.g., healthcare, education), community engagement and outreach, investment in community development projects, participation in community development initiatives, engagement with local authorities and stakeholders among others. Therefore, this paper aimed to look at the relevance of the church, as a faith-based organisation to the development of society where the church is located and operates in Nigeria. Also, this paper examined how the church can be relevant in the society and ensure there is development in such society where the church is located. The paper adopted a systematic literature review and a historical analysis. The paper reveals that Nigeria churches has make significant contribution to social responsibility, there is room for improvement, particularly in address systematic issues and promoting sustainable development within the Nigeria society. The paper concluded that the church adopting and embarking in social responsibility will be of great advantage in fulfilling the great commission. This paper, therefore, recommended that the church should make conscious effort to be actively involved more in social responsibility which can have direct impact to the immediate society in which the church operate and this will result to expected growth of the church and expansion of the kingdom of God. Keywords: Church, Community, Social Responsibility, Society, Society & Community Development
Credible Leadership and Leader-Follower Relationship in Nigerian Baptist Theological Seminary, Ogbomosho
(International Journal of Contemporary Research in Humanities, 2024) Oluwatayomi A. ABIOLA
Many organisations operate through periods of change and uncertainties which require quality leadership to help achieve organisational goals and gain competitive edge while ensuring long term sustainability. Credible leadership has been described as a style of leadership that can effectively give credence and competitive edge to an organisation. Credibility has also been reported to have positive effect on many organisational constructs such as job satisfaction, commitment, and citizenship behaviour. This present study seeks to explore the role of credible leadership on the leader-follower relationship in one of Nigeria’s tertiary educational institutions. The qualitative study is conducted using three highly ranked educational leaders from the Nigerian Baptist Theological Seminary, Ogbomosho. Responses from the participants were analysed for cogent patterns using thematic analysis. The findings show that leaders’ conflict resolution ability, followers’ development or competence building and open communication predicated on the willingness to receive feedbacks determine the relationship between educational leaders and their followers. A recommendation is made for future research to conduct quantitative empirical research on this study’s findings. Keywords: Credible Leadership, Organisational Relationship, Education
Artificial Intelligence and Christianity: Navigating Ethical Challenges and Opportunities in the Techno-Scientific Era in Nigeria
(International Journal of Contemporary Research in Humanities, 2024) Samson Obaloluwa OJO
With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) in this techno-scientific era, there are growing concerns among scholars and religious practitioners regarding its effects on religion and society. This paper explores the complex interplay between AI and Christianity, investigating whether AI fosters harmony or discord within religious practices and beliefs. The study addresses ethical concerns and challenges posed by AI, specifically its potential to either enhance or challenge traditional religious doctrines. Using a qualitative methodology, the paper examines historical perspectives on religion and technology, alongside case studies of the intersection of AI with religious practices. The findings reveal a nuanced relationship between AI and religion, with both positive and negative impacts. While AI offers opportunities to enhance religious experiences, it raises ethical dilemmas and challenges established theological frameworks. The paper concludes by recommending that religious institutions should embrace technological advancements cautiously, balancing innovation with the preservation of core values. Furthermore, interdisciplinary research and educational initiatives should be encouraged to foster a more ethical approach to the development and deployment of AI. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Religion, Society, Techno-Scientific Era, Ethics
A Historical Background of Proliferation of Churches in Nigeria
(International Journal of Contemporary Research in Humanities, 2024) Yaro Moses SHOK; Solomon KYOM, PhD; Bitrus Irimiya ABBAS
The paper discusses the historical background of proliferation of churches in Nigeria. The study is informed by the alarming rate at which churches are springing up in Nigeria. The paper aims at tracing back to the root of church proliferation. The research utilizes a multidisciplinary approach, drawing on historical data, and adopts the primary and secondary sources, including religious texts, theological treatises, scholarly articles, and archival records. The records are examined to reconstruct the historical trajectory of the proliferation of churches in Nigeria. The study reveals that the history of church proliferation in Nigeria is divided into five periods which are: the period of introducing Latin Christianity in the 15th and 16th Centuries; the period of denominationalism and missionary activities in the 19th Century from 1842 onward; the period of evolution of independent Churches; the period of indigenous African churches; and the period of the birth of Charismatic and Pentecostal churches. Amongst others, it is established in this paper that the proliferation of churches in Nigeria is caused by selfish motive for financial prosperity, doctrinal disagreements and the quest for position and power. The work recommends that, instead of establishing more churches in the nation without tangible impact on the morality of members, pastors and church leaders should focus on preaching the gospel of Christ for the purpose of building the moral and spiritual lives of her members. More so, the Christian Association of Nigeria (CAN) should wake up to their responsibilities of controlling, regulating and punishing churches that contravene the set goals to the association. The study concludes that, although church proliferation has its positive impacts, the negative effects brought about by the proliferation of churches are overriding the good side of it which is reflecting in the current situation in the country where corruption and moral decadence are the order of the day. Keywords: Proliferation, Church, Christianity, Nigeria, Denominationalism
Contributions of Omojola Agbebi to Indigenous Christianity in Nigeria: Lessons for 21st Century African Christian Leaders
(International Journal of Contemporary Research in Humanities, 2024) Gabriel Oludele ADELOYE, PhD
Dr. Omojola Agbebi was a prominent indigenous Baptist leader in Nigeria who lived between 1860 and 1917. He was renowned for his campaign towards the Africanisation of Christianity. He believed that the Africans should be the leadership of the church on the ‘African soil’ for cultural and social reasons as they understand terrain and appropriate theology appropriate for the African people. Therefore, this paper focuses on the contributions of Dr. Omojola Agbebi to indigenous Christianity in Nigeria and considering his contributions as a blueprint for Christian leaders in Africa. The paper adopts a historiographical approach to examine the personality in focus. The paper recognises Omojola Agbebi to be an apostle of indigenisation as he laboured to promote African Christianity through the planting of local churches, preaching in local dialects and the show of his love for native African attires. The use of local language is significant to help the future generations communicate fluently in their mother tongue and retain the language. The work recommends that African Christians can emulate preaching in local dialects to indigenous peoples to promote communication in the indigenous languages of their congregations; the establishment of centres for local languages in theological institutions and the contextualisation of the gospel to make it meaningful to the audience. Keywords: Indigenisation, Africanisation, Indigenous Christianity, Ethiopianism, Omojola Agbebi
Creativity in Early Childhood Art in Ibadan, Oyo State of Western, Nigeria: A Developmental and Contextual Approach
(International Journal of Contemporary Research in Humanities, 2024) Adedapo ADEGOKE; Ademola ADEYEMI; David TAIWO
This article delves into the magic of children’s art creativity, exploring how children’s imagination sparks creativity and innovation. Creativity is a vital aspect of human development and early childhood is a critical period for fostering creative potential. Art-making is a universal language that allows children express their thoughts, ideas and emotions. Kellog’s (1967) theory of childhood artistic creativity is a unique language of communication conveying thoughts, feelings and experience. Eisner (1972) theory of nursery art emphasises the creative expression in children. The paper explores the developmental stages of children's artistic development and the contextual factors that influence their creative expression. It is argued that a holistic and child-centred approach is essential for assessing creativity in early childhood art. The research highlights the importance of process over product, open-ended questions, observation, and authentic assessment methods. We also emphasise the need to consider contextual factors such as environment, culture, and socio-economic background. The findings of this study have implications for early childhood educators, policymakers, and researchers seeking to foster creative development in young children. Keywords: Art, Contextual Approach, Creativity, Development Approach, Early Childhood
Training and Education of Pastoral Care and Counselling Professionals in Africa
(International Journal of Contemporary Research in Humanities, 2024) Donald A. ODELEYE, PhD; Adebayo Ola AFOLARANMI, PhD; Samson Obaloluwa OJO
Pastoral Care and Counselling in Africa have a rich history, blending indigenous healing traditions with Christian missionary influences. The demand for professional pastoral care has grown due to rising mental health challenges, socio-economic crises, and public health emergencies such as HIV/AIDS and COVID-19. However, the training and education of pastoral care professionals in Africa face critical challenges, including inadequate infrastructure, a shortage of qualified faculty, and curricula that often lack cultural relevance. This paper adopts a qualitative research approach, primarily utilizing library-based research and secondary data analysis to examine the current state of pastoral counselling training in Africa. Drawing on Cultural Competency Theory, the study highlights the need for culturally sensitive and leadership-driven training models that integrate African worldviews with modern counselling approaches. The major findings indicate that existing training programs often rely heavily on Western counselling models, which may not fully address the cultural and spiritual contexts of African communities. Additionally, there is a lack of structured mentorship and supervision, which hampers the professional development of trainees. The paper recommends strengthening academic institutions, developing culturally relevant curricula, promoting interdisciplinary collaboration, and establishing professional standards to address these challenges. Implementing these recommendations will enhance the quality of pastoral care training in Africa, resulting in a more skilled and culturally competent workforce capable of addressing the holistic needs of African populations. Keywords: Cultural Competency, Pastoral Care and Counselling, Indigenous Healing Practices, Professional Development, Mental Health

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