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Item Effect of Digital Feedback on the Psychological Profile and Performance of Selected Amateur Soccer Players in Ibadan, Oyo State(Journal of Capital Development in Behavioural Sciences, 2016-12) Chukwuemeka O.O. Aletta; John Osondu, OnyezereThe study investigated the impact of digital feedback on the psychological profile and performance of selected amateur soccer players in Ibadan, Oyo State. Related studies and variable-relevant theories were spirally reviewed. Two hypotheses were tested. The two-group pre-test and post-test research design was used for the study. Twenty-two (22) amateur soccer players were selected from two amateur soccer clubs in Ibadan using the purposive sampling technique. A standardized 20-item version of SPQ-Factor 20 questionnaire was used for data collection. t-test statistical tool was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 significant level. The variables of video visualization had significant effect on the psychological profile and performance of the selected amateur soccer players (t =3.39; P< 0.05). It was concluded that video-visualization is important in the preparation of soccer players for matches and it was recommended that digital feedback should form an integral part of soccer players’ preparation for matches. Keywords: digital feedback, psychological profile, video-visualization, amateur soccer playersItem Influenceof School Environmental Factors on Science Students Academic Performance in Physics in South West Local Government Area, Ibadan(Journal of Capital Development in Behavioural Sciences, 2016-12) Akuche Ukamaka EvelynThe study examined school environmental factors (Library facilities, Laboratory facilities, Classroom, School location, Recreational facilities, Qualified and experienced teachers) and students’ academic performance in Physics in South West Local Government Area, Ibadan, Nigeria. School environmental factors can influence the academic performance of science students in Physics. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. Two instruments were used to carry out the research: School Environmental Questionnaire (SEQ) and Physics Achievement Test (PAT). Simple random sampling technique was used at selected five (5) secondary schools. From the five (5) selected schools, thirty (30) Physics students were randomly selected from each of the selected schools, giving a total of one hundred and fifty (150) students. This was to ensure good representation of the selected schools. The results revealed that all the school environmental factors studied have significant composite contribution to students’ academic performance. 64.5% of the variance in students’ academic performance was explained by school environmental factors. Five (5) of the environmental factors were significant at 0.05 level, when the relative contribution of each factor was considered, while the rest were not. The study has implications for Ministries of Education, Educational stakeholders and School Managers/Principals. The Ministries of Education and Educational Stake holders should endeavor to equip the schools with necessary facilities. The school managers/principals should ensure that the facilities are put in effective use and maintained. Key Words: Performance, School location, Library, Classroom, LaboratoryItem Essential Factors Associated with Growing of Improved Cassava Varieties as Food Security Crop in Oyo State, Nigeria(Journal of Capital Development in Behavioural Sciences, 2016-12) Ajani, O.W; Ajani, O.OEssential factors which influenced the growing of the improved cassava varieties as food security crop were appraised in this study. Multistage sampling procedure was employed. Purposive selections of two (2) agricultural zones were carried out within Oyo State. At the second stage, two (2) Local Government Areas within the two zones were randomly selected. 27% of the populations of registered full-time cassava farmers were randomly selected for interview giving a total of 201 cassava farmers. Tobit regression model was the analytical tool employed to isolate the critical factors. The results show that the growing of improved cassava varieties as food security crop among cassava farmers were averagely practiced and done. Eight groups of factors were isolated with 55.60% contribution to growing of improved cassava varieties. However, factors such as location of farmer, educational status of the household head, annual income realized from cassava sold, membership in a farmer based organization; favourable price and type of labour used by household have significant positive effect, while farm size and farming experience of the cassava house hold have significant negative effect as factors associated with growing of improved cassava varieties. The findings from this study suggests that there is urgent need for relevant stakeholders in agriculture and government to consider the factors associated with growing of improved cassava varieties by cassava farmers, if cassava tuber production will continue to leverage and promote our economy and serve as beneficial crop in term of food security and safety. Keywords: Agribusiness, Food Security, Poverty alleviation, Technologies, Varieties.Item Viewing Service Learning in Basic Education Curriculum through Gender Lens(Journal of Capital Development in Behavioural Sciences, 2016-12) Oluwatoyin A. ODELEYETypically, functional and relevant educational practices are the thrust of learning experiences that are service-oriented. Service-learning shapes the thinking and demeanour of the girl-learner to become more concerned with roots of social issues and concerns. Service-learning also helps the girl learner to become more proactive and pragmatic in resolving human challenges. Through the process of service-learning, the girl-child’s values and subsequent life choices are positively altered. When the girl-child is given educational opportunity which empowers her to use her skills and knowledge in real-life situations, learning extends beyond the classroom into the community. Service-learning gives the girl-child authentic educational experiences and enables her develop empathy for others. Thus, integrating service-learning into pedagogical services delivery will go a long way in developing and enhancing creativity in the girl-child and will also have positive influence on overall development of the nation. The paper concludes by recommending among other things that service-learning be integrated into the curriculum and that pupils, especially the females should be exposed to service-learning right from the home and the elementary school. Keywords: creativity, education, gender, girl-child, innovation, service learningItem Influence of Environmental Factors on Career Choice of Secondary School Students in Ilorin Metropolis: Towards Enhancing Emotional Well-being of Adolescents(Journal of Capital Development in Behavioural Sciences, 2016-12) Odebode, Aminat Adeola; Adebayo, David Obafemi; Jekayinfa, Oyeyemi Jumoke; Aburime, Aminat OzohuThis study investigated the influence of environmental factors on career choice of secondary school students in Ilorin metropolis, Kwara state. The study also examined whether moderating variables such as class level, class type and gender would affect the respondents’ views. The population consisted of 800 secondary school students that were randomly selected from Ilorin Metropolis. The researchers employed descriptive survey method for the study. The instrument used was a self-designed questionnaire titled “Career choice Questionnaire (CCQ).The t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 0.05 alpha level were used to test the hypotheses. The result revealed that environmental factors have a positive influence on career choice of secondary school students in Ilorin Metropolis. Also, there was no significant difference on the influence of environmental factors on career choice of secondary school students in Ilorin Metropolis on the bases of class level, gender and class type. Secondary school Counsellors should provide career guidance to learners on a continual basis during their secondary school education, so as to make adequate career choices and to enhance their emotional well-being, was recommended. Key Words: Environmental factors, Career Choice, Secondary School Students, Emotional Well-beingItem Perceived Influence of Environmental Pollution on the Health of the People in Ilorin Metropolis(Journal of Capital Development in Behavioural Sciences, 2016-12) Abdulrasaq, Qazeem Onaolapo; Abdulraheem, Adijat Mojisola; Jidda, Kafayah AdeolaToxic chemicals and substances escape to the environment through a number of natural and anthropogenic activities and may cause adverse effects on human health and the environment. The study examined the perceived 79 influence of environmental pollution on the health of the people of Ilorin metropolis. Specifically, the study sought to find out whether people in Ilorin Metropolis perceive air pollution to influence cardiovascular, lung and skin diseases. A descriptive research design of survey type was employed for the study. A sample of 400 heads of households was selected across household in the three Local Government Areas that made up Ilorin Metropolis using multistage sampling technique. A researcher developed questionnaire tagged “QPIEPOH” which was validated by three Jurors and tested for reliability using test re-test method was used for the study. A result of 0.76r clearly indicated the instrument was reliable. Chi-square was used to analyze the data for the study at 0.05 alpha level of significance. The findings revealed that the people in Ilorin metropolis perceived exposure to environmental pollution as influencing normal functioning of the heart, [calculated ÷2 value (355.5) > table value (16.9)]; lungs [calculated ÷2 value (301.5) > table value (16.9)]; and skin [calculated ÷2 value (355.5) > table value (16.9)]. It was concluded that people in Ilorin Metropolis have significantly perceived environmental pollution as a major cause of heart attacks, unexplained cough, tuberculosis and skin infections. It was recommended that the people in Ilorin Metropolis should protect themselves from harmful effects of pollution. Keywords: Health, Pollution, heart diseases, environment, skin diseasesItem Religious Issues and Foreign Language Learning in Nigeria: A Matter of Politics or Policies?(Journal of Capital Development in Behavioural Sciences, 2016-12) Isa BayoThis paper tends in the first instance, to look critically at the issue of religion, then other issues like: attitude of teachers, parents and students as they affect foreign language learning before looking at politics and government policies as factors that mar or make the teaching/learning of foreign language in Nigeria. This is because, when it comes to foreign language learning, especially French and Arabic in Nigeria, issues abound; as a matter of fact, most Nigerian students are almost already divided along Christian and Islamic religion lines. Some believing that French language is meant for the Christians while others are of the opinion that its Arabic counterpart should be for the Muslims. As a form of conclusion, answers were provided to the question of weather if it is politics or policies all in a bid to lay to rest, the popular and erroneous bone of contention that a particular language belongs to a particular religionItem Goal Setting as a Sports Managers Motivational Tool for Enhancing Athletes Performance(Journal of Capital Development in Behavioural Sciences, 2016-12) N.A. Egba; Dr. B. OhuruoguThe paper focused on goal setting as a sport Managers’ Motivational tool for enhancing athletes’ performance. Goal setting as a motivational tool is a mental training technique that can be used to increase individual commitment, dedication and perseverance towards achieving a personal goal. The paper sees goal setting as a motivation tool, sport managers should be familiar with in order to assist athletes in developing personal goals which leads to skill development and ultimately peak performance. The paper also sees the sport manager as that individual who is professional in the art of managing sports organization, sets long term missions goals, formulates, implements and evaluates motivational techniques that can be used on athletes to achieve a better performance. The manner in which sports managers structure the athletic situation, set goal priorities and relate to athletes are primary determinants of the outcome of sports performance, though motivation is the direction of an individual effort. The paper concluded that setting a goal is the act of being focused, having a mission or vision over what one wish to accomplish or achieve within a given time frame. It therefore recommended among other things, that sports manager use motivational techniques such as goal setting to establish their athletes 32 training regimes as this will promote commitment, perseverance and dedication and thus achieve optimum performance.Item Literacy Education as a Tool for Empowering Women In Asa Local Government Area Kwara State, Nigeria(Journal of Capital Development in Behavioural Science, 2016-12) Kayode, Sadiq ToyinThe paper examined the issue of literacy as a tool for empowering women in Asa Local Government area of Kwara State. The paper was premised on the fact that when women are literate, they will be more active in their various communities. Their voices will be heard as opposed to their faces being seen and this will instill in them the confidence to make progress in their daily living. The study made use of descriptive survey design, with 211 non-literates women randomly selected as sample within the local government. A 10 item questionnaire was designed to elicit responses on literacy education and empowerment. The data collected were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistical test at 0.05 level of significance. The study discovered that literacy is a tool for fighting poverty, hunger diseases, and ignorance and when all these are fought, an average woman becomes empowered to participate actively in issues of development in her home and community. The study, therefore, recommended that women should be encouraged to enroll for literacy education programme while, governments at all levels should make efforts to fund literacy programme. Keywords: Literacy education, women empowermentItem Literacy Education as a Tool for Empowering Women In Asa Local Government Area Kwara State, Nigeria(Journal of Capital Development in Behavioural Sciences apa, 2016-12) Kayode, Sadiq ToyinThe paper examined the issue of literacy as a tool for empowering women in Asa Local Government area of Kwara State. The paper was premised on the fact that when women are literate, they will be more active in their various communities. Their voices will be heard as opposed to their faces being seen and this will instill in them the confidence to make progress in their daily living. The study made use of descriptive survey design, with 211 non-literates women randomly selected as sample within the local government. A 10 item questionnaire was designed to elicit responses on literacy education and empowerment. The data collected were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistical test at 0.05 level of significance. The study discovered that literacy is a tool for fighting poverty, hunger diseases, and ignorance and when all these are fought, an average woman becomes empowered to participate actively in issues of development in her home and community. The study, therefore, recommended that women should be encou raged to enroll for literacy education programme while, governments at all levels should make efforts to fund literacy programme. Keywords: Literacy education, women empowerment,Item French Language Teaching and Productivity Enhancement in Nigeria: Issues and Challenges(Journal of Capital Development in Behavioural Sciences, 2016-06) ADEBAYO, Lukman AdedoyinLanguage Teaching has been greatly considered in Nigeria as the basic tool of national integration towards productivity and development. The reason is that language teaching is seen as a great investment to produce quality of human resources needed for productivity and development. But unfortunately language teaching in Nigeria is bisected with myriads of problems. These includes; poor funding, poor facilities, inadequate teachers, inadequate teaching aids (Projectors, Computers, Laboratories and Libraries) among others. In this paper, we attempt to discuss the concept of Language Teaching and Productivity in Nigeria. The paper examines French Language Teaching in Nigeria and the problem facing the language, bearing in mind the level of Government’s input to enhance its productivity. It also discusses some of the factors bedeviling French language teaching and productivity in Nigeria and suggests possible ways of improving on the level of its present output. Keywords: French Language Teaching, productivity enhancement, Issues and Challenges.Item Slide of Fortune: The Painful Story and Management Problems of Bendel Insurance Football Club of Benin City, Nigeria(Journal of Capital Development in Behavioural Sciences, 2016-06) ENARUNA EDOSA; FRIDAY IMOOHIME UDUGBAIThis paper focuses on the management of Bendel Insurance Football Club, Benin City. It examines the reasons for the poor performance of the Club, since 2008, when it was relegated to National League till date (2014). The problem has been lack of government attention to the football club, which led to the dwindling fortunes of the club. The objective of this study was to identify the factors responsible for the poor performance of the club and make recommendations that would improve and strengthen the club. The study is a survey research and adopted the use of convenience random sampling involving the subordinate staff, current players, former (old) players and coaches. Data collection were from primary and secondary sources. And the methods of data analysis were the simple percentage and chi square. 126 The research found out that the welfare of the players was completely neglect; that there was no provision for camping facilities; that there was poor human resources management, absence of business-like managers and, above all, poor funding. In conclusion, this paper recommends the coordination of the organization’s resources through the process of effective management in terms of provision of adequate funds, provision and improvement of camping facilities, recruitment of good players yearly without bias to strengthen the team, the complete and regular payment of the benefit and entitlement of players. Key Words: Bendel Insurance Football Club ( BIFC), Dwindling Fortunes, Management, Politics, Leadership, Motivation, Football Management, Management of BIFC, Management Problems, Nigeria.Item Effects of Trimester System and Orientation Programme on Students’ Grade Point Average in Abdul-Raheem College of Advanced Studies, Igbaja, Kwara State(Journal of Capital Development in Behavioural Sciences, 2016-06) Odunayo Joseph Braimah; Samsudeen Alabi Bankole; Ayinde Liasu AdekunleOrientation is widely conceived to encompass activities that support the transition in educational institutions. This paper examines the performance of a sample of 81 students who graduated in 2014 from the Abdul-Raheem College of Advanced Studies. The analysis of students’ performance was conducted against the three trimesters (First, Second and Third). The sole objective of the Institution is ensuring that students are performing efficiently in the three trimesters, including their final grade point so as to allow the student secure admission into 200level in any institution of choice. The study, relying on statistical analysis, identified two factors (Trimesters, Orientation) as important determinants of student final performance (Grade point). The paper concludes with implications from the study’s findings. The third trimester accounts for the highest correlation coefficient (0.553) 94 with the grade point and p-value <0.05 (which indicate that it is significant). The forward method of variable selection was used to detect the parsimonious model among the possible models. The model with the three independent variables (first, second and third trimester) has the highest explanation of the total variation present in the grade points (dependent variable). The R2 value of 0.770 indicates that 77% of the total variation in the grade point can be explained by the three independent variables all together. Also, the third trimester result explains over 50% of the total variation. The outcome also showed that orientation and trimester is significant to the Grade Point Average (GPA) scores of students. Based on these findings, a recommendation was made for the management to improve the orientation programmes geared towards helping students to maximize learning throughout the three trimesters. Keywords: Trimester system, orientation programme, students’ grade point and collegeItem Comparative Analysis of Public and Private Secondary School Teachers’ Level of Work Motivation in Ilorin, Nigeria(Journal of Capital Development in Behavioural Sciences, 2016-06) Dr. Bello, Ganiyu; Bello, Ilias AyoThis study analysed and compared the levels of work motivation among the public and private teachers in Ilorin metropolis of Kwara State. It adopted the descriptive survey design. Six hundred teachers selected randomly from 15 private and 15 public secondary schools participated in the study. A research instrument entitled Teachers’ Self-assessment Motivation Scale (SAMS) was designed by the researchers to gather data for the study. The reliability coefficient of the instrument was determined through the test retest procedure and Chrombach Alpha formula, its reliability coefficient was found to be .87. Results revealed that work motivation among majority (61.8%) of the teachers was at a moderate level, while 23.7% and 14.5% of the teachers were at high and low motivation level respectively. Work motivation among teachers in public schools was higher than among teachers in private secondary schools. Only 5.3% of teachers in public school were at the low motivation level compared to 23.7% of teachers in private secondary schools at the low motivation level. It is obvious from the forgoing that the work motivation level of teachers in private secondary school is not 78 as encouraging as that of teachers in public secondary schools. In most private schools lack of incentives such as annual salary increment, promotion, sponsorship to in-service training, workshops and conferences plausibly accounted for their low level of motivation. Based on the results, it was recommended that proprietors of private secondary schools should endeavor to provide their teachers incentives that teachers in public schools are enjoying. Key Words: Work Motivation, Teachers, Motivation, Secondary Schools, Private and Public Schools.Item Early Childhood Care Development and Education: Impact, Challenges and Prospects in Nigeria(Journal of Capital Development in Behavioural Sciences, 2016-06) Abdulwahab, R.; Kuranga, A.Y.Early childhood care development and education is an early intervention programme that helps detect problems that might inhibit the growth and survival of the child by nurturing and providing basic skills and ingredients needed for over all development. This paper presents a conceptual frame work of early childhood care development and education and the under lying philosophy asstated in the policy documents. It further examined the impacts, challenges and future prospects of early childhood care and education programmes in Nigeria. It recommended that, recruitment of professional care givers, adopting baseline assessment and sensitization for stakeholders, providing reliable statistical data and figure, creating a child friendly environment, proper funding, monitoring and evaluation among others, will go a long way towards actualizing the lofty dream of early childhood programmes as a basic component of the on-going universal basic education scheme in Nigeria. Key words: Impact challenges, early childhood care development and educationItem Effect of Discussion and Invention Teaching Strategies on Senior Secondary School Students Achievement in Chemistry in Delta State, Nigeria(Journal of Capital Development in Behavioural Sciences, 2016-06) Ejedafeta A. OkurumehThis study investigated the effect of Discussion and Invention Strategies on achievement in chemistry. The moderating effects of academic ability and gender were also investigated. The study adopted a pretest, posttest, follow up test, and control group quasi-experimental design with a 3x2x2 factorial matrix. The participants consisted of 224 senior secondary II chemistry students from intact classes in nine selected secondary schools in delta central senatorial district. The instrument for data collection include “Chemistry achievement test”, (r = 0.84), “Ability test in Chemistry”, (r = 0.85) and teachers instructional package. Six research questions were asked and answered, while three hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 alpha levels. Data were analysed using analysis of variance and covariance, while Sheffe Post-hoc analysis was used to explain the significant difference. There were significant effects of treatment on students achievement in chemistry (F (2.820) = 73.77) and students of varying abilities (F(11.242) = 2.03). But, there were no significant effect of treatment on Gender on achievement (F (1.000) = 0.93) in Chemistry. The two instructional strategies improved students’ achievement in chemistry concepts more than the traditional lecture method. It was recommended that teachers should therefore adopt these two instructional strategies in the teaching of chemistry at the senior secondary school level. Keywords: Achievement, Discussion and InventionItem Students Perception of Academic Staff Union of Nigeria Universities Strike Actions on their Academic Performance at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria(Journal of Capital Development in Behavioural Sciences, 2016-06) Isah, Emmanuel A.; Alao, Esther M.This study investigated the perception of University of Ibadan Students on the effect of Academic Staff Union of Nigerian University (ASUU) Strikes on their academic performance. The survey research design was adopted using the multi-stage sampling procedure to select five faculties: Law, Pharmacy, Clinical Science, Agriculture and Technology and 376 final year students as sample. One research question and hypothesis guided the study. ASUU strikes and Students Perception on their Academic Performance Questionnaire (ASUUSSPAPQ) with ‘r=0.80’ using the cronbach alpha elicited data for the study. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and t-test at p<0.005. ASUU strikes distort academic calendar at the university of Ibadan with SD = 0.092 (high), leads to students involvement in crimes SD = 0.97 (high), unbeneficial to students academics SD = 36 0.670 (medium). A non-significant relationship existed among gender opinions at (F= 0.070) t-0.265 ; p< 0.05 on ASUU strikes. The study recommended that government should employ prompt dialogue to prevent disruption and total breakdown of the educational system, members and the executives of ASUU should employ other industrial dispute resolution strategies than indefinite strike actions which obviously paralyses student’s academics. Key Words: Perceptions of ASUU Strike Actions, Students Academic Performance, ASUU Strike Actions in UniversitiesItem Infrastructure and Economic Growth Nexus in Nigeria: A Macroeconometric Modelling Approach(Journal of Capital Development in Behavioural Sciences, 2016-06) Onakoya Adegbemi Babatunde; Oseni Isiaq OlasunkanmiThis paper investigated the impact of infrastructure on economic growth in Nigeria A multivariate model of simultaneous equations was deployed. The paper also utilised three-stage least squares technique to capture the transmission channels through which infrastructure promotes growth. The research covered 40 years (1970 to 2010). The finding shows that infrastructural investment has a significant impact on output of the economy directly through its industrial output and indirectly through the output of other sectors such as manufacturing, oil and other services. The agricultural sector is however not affected by infrastructure. The results also show a bidirectional causal relationship between infrastructure and economic growth. The paper recommended increased investment in infrastructure. Also, the financing options for closing Nigeria’s infrastructure gaps should focus on broadening the sources of finance and a better allocation of public resources. In this wise, the government should intensify the utilization of the public private-partnership (PPP) framework. Keywords: Infrastructure, Causality, Economic Growth, Economy of Nigeria, Macro econometric ModelingItem Language-in-Education Policy in Nigeria: The Reality of Teachers’ Language Choices(Journal of Capital Development in Behavioural Sciences, 2016-06) Adetuyi, C.A.; Jegede, O.O.The study investigated teachers’ choice of the medium of instruction in public primary schools in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The study specifically identified the languages used in mathematics classrooms in the selected schools, examined the reasons for teachers choices of language, and determined the effects of these choices on the teaching-learning process. The data for the study were obtained from five mathematics teachers and fifty pupils from five purposively selected primary schools through ethnographic observation and structured interviews. Data collected were analysed using Myers Scotton’s Matrix Language Framework model, as well as descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that teachers in the schools used both English and the pupils’ regional languages (such as Yoruba, Igbo and Hausa), where the regional languages were the matrix language and English was the embedded language, as the media of instruction in their classrooms. The teachers surveyed claimed that their choice of the pupils’ regional languages was necessitated by the fact that it allowed each pupil to learn effectively in his/her languages in a natural, meaningful way as the various classroom activities were being implemented. The study concluded that the use of pupils’ home languages in multilingual classrooms does not result in a deficiency in learning, but is a useful strategy in classroom interaction and an efficient way of transferring knowledge to primary school pupils. Keywords: Language Choice, Code Switching, Medium of Instruction, National Policy on EducationItem Teachers, service Training Programme, Sustainability, Early Childhood Education, Ibadan North-East Local(Journal of Capital Development in Behavioural Sciences, 2016-06) Adetuyi, C.A.; Jegede, O.O.The study investigated teachers’ choice of the medium of instruction in public primary schools in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The study specifically identified the languages used in mathematics classrooms in the selected schools, examined the reasons for teachers choices of language, and determined the effects of these choices on the teaching-learning process. The data for the study were obtained from five mathematics teachers and fifty pupils from five purposively selected primary schools through ethnographic observation and structured interviews. Data collected were analysed using Myers Scotton’s Matrix Language Framework model, as well as descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that teachers in the schools used both English and the pupils’ regional languages (such as Yoruba, Igbo and Hausa), where the regional languages were the matrix language and English was the embedded language, as the media of instruction in their classrooms. The teachers surveyed claimed that their choice of the pupils’ regional languages was necessitated by the fact that it allowed each pupil to learn effectively in his/her languages in a natural, meaningful way as the various classroom activities were being implemented. The study concluded that the use of pupils’ home languages in multilingual classrooms does not result in a deficiency in learning, but is a useful strategy in classroom interaction and an efficient way of transferring knowledge to primary school pupils. Keywords: Language Choice, Code Switching, Medium of Instruction, National Policy on Education