Human Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) in Water, Sediments and Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis niloticus) of Ogun River
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Date
2023-12
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Lead City University
Abstract
Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) are ubiquitous especially in water bodies and they have tendencies to bio-accumulate and hamper human body metabolic and endocrinal processes. This study aimed to assess the levels of PTEs in water, sediments and tissues of Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis niloticus) samples of Ogun River and its human health risk assessment. Water, sediments and fish samples were collected seasonally to assess 8 selected PTEs (Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Mn, Fe, Cr and Cd) using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotomer, while the physic-chemical parameters were determined using standard methods. Highest water pH value of 7.86 was recorded during dry season while the lowest of 6.10 was for the wet season. Temperature ranged from 26.59 ± 0.17 oC to 27.27 ± 0.72 oC and 26.47 ± 1.05 oC to 26.77 ± 1.10 oC for dry and wet seasons respectively. The Electrical Conductivity (EC) ranged from 13.84 ± 4.38 μS/cm to 36.67 ± 29.51 μS/cm and 13.84 ± 4.67 μS/cm to 47.21 ± 32.86 μS/cm for dry and wet seasons respectively. Total dissolved solids (TDS) showed slight positive relationship with the electrical conductivity. The mean TDS ranged from 53.50 ± 10.21 mg/ L to 57.25 ± 9.74 mg/L and 23.00 ± 4.62 mg/ L to 40.00 ± 2.58 mg/L for wet and dry seasons respectively. Water, sediment and fish tissues samples were analyzed for Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn, Ni, Mn, Fe and Cu contaminations. Concentrations were compared with NIS, FEPA and WHO. However, Fe levels were highest in both surface water, sediment, and fish samples while Cu level was least in both sample locations. Cd, Cr, Ni, Fe, Mn and Pb exceeded the NIS, FEPA and WHO. Pb was the largest contributor to non-carcinogenic risks. Risk from the other PTEs followed the order Cd > Mn > Fe > Ni > Cu > Cr > Zn for children and Fe > Cd > Mn > Ni > Cr > Cu > Zn for adults. Hence, Ogun River is found to have an appreciable level of metal toxicity especially at lafenwa and alagada points.
Keywords: Metal Bioaccumulation, PTEs, Ogun River, Tilapia, Human Health Risk Assessment, Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) in Water, Sediments and Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis niloticus)
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Keywords
Metal Bioaccumulation, PTEs, Ogun River, Tilapia, Human Health Risk Assessment, Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) in Water, Sediments and Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis niloticus)
Citation
Kate Turabian