Department of Environmental Design & Management

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Environmental Design & Management

Welcome to the Department of Environmental Design & Management

The Department of Environmental Design & Management in LCU is a multidisciplinary hub that delves into the intricate relationships between human activities, the built environment, and natural ecosystems. It offers a range of programs covering fields such as environmental design, management, sustainable development, urban planning, and natural resource management. Through these programs, students gain insight into sustainable practices, policies, and strategies aimed at promoting environmental stewardship, conservation, and the creation of livable, resilient communities. The department's mission is to equip students with the knowledge and skills needed to address pressing environmental challenges and contribute positively to sustainable development efforts locally and globally.

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Areas of Focus

  • Architecture
  • Land Administration
  • Housing
  • Geographic Information System
  • Survey

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 56
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    A Proposed Faculty of Architecture Building for Lead City University (Evaluation Of Natural Lightning in Faculty Buildings)
    (Lead City University, 2022-12) Oluwasegun Kayode OBISESAN
    Natural lighting can be described as the controlled admission and entrance of light such as the direct sunlight, and diffused skylight into a building. Electrical light which serves as an alternative source of light into a building comprises of different spectrums and wavelength which has adverse effect on human body. Meanwhile, the entrance of a proper and adequate natural lighting into a building has been found to have significant positive effect on building occupant. Therefore, this study aimed at appraising natural lighting of selected National and international architecture buildings with a view to garner sufficient theoretical information that can inform the proposed design of the Architecture Faculty building of the Leads City University. It can be inferred from the case studies examined in this work that the international architecture buildings had adequate natural lighting features hence building occupants enjoys more benefits of natural lighting. Upon the completion of the appraisal, useful information that can inform the design of the proposed Faculty of Architecture building, Leads City University were noted. keyword: Faculty of Architecture Building, Lead City University, Evaluation Of Natural Lightning,
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    A Proposed Film Village for Nollywood Production of Nigeria (Building Acoustic on The Design of a Film Village)
    (Lead City University, 2022-12) Oladoyin J. HENRY-GREAT
    The acoustic quality in sound-sensitive spaces, like music studios, recording rooms, acting studio, and Auditorium is the backbone of how usable and productive these spaces will be, every part and component in these spaces ensures better sound quality, from the structural elements to doors and fittings, it is important to note that these spaces cannot be certified until Echo and traveling sounds are eliminated. This document aim and objectives to provide general solutions for acoustic problems in film village, particularly its studio environment, the fundamentals of architectural acoustics in studio that are simply enough for the typical person to grasp and use them, through literature review and use of a case studies, the study would address specific utility space, to control noise problems and the potential improvement of natural voice projection. Even though it was impossible to control every component of studio acoustics, the goal was to give them a helpful tool to assist them grasp the important problems related to performance space acoustics. Ideally, any designer who takes into account acoustics in their designs may utilize this knowledge to assess their current environment and make adjustment as time and money allow. Keywords: Acoustics, film village, studio, sound, Reverberation time, Background noise, Speech intelligibility.
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    A Proposed Shopping Mall for Ace Investment, Ibadan (Effective Daylighting Strategies to Enhance Circulation in Shopping Mall)
    (Lead City University, 2022-12) Eyitayo Adetunji AFOLABI
    Shopping malls makes a contribution to commercial enterprise extensively than conventional markets which were seemed for meeting Patrons supply and demand’s need. The evolution of shopping mall concerned the changes in end-users’ and retailers’ behavioural sample. Malls attract customers and retailers supplying enough time to make alternatives in addition to leisure way of buying. Imperatively, daylighting system would be a better ideology to be applied within the interior of a shopping with a view to offer the revel in and out of doors daytime whilst within the mall. It will advantage to intensify circulation through adequate visibility and minimize the use of Mechanical means of lighting during day time. Introduction of French or High window heights to admit lighting into the deep and large spaces of the Mall. To sustain the effect of daylighting system within the shopping mall, a field survey was carried out to explore daylighting benefits from the Customers’ point of views. This design report is targeted on examining the techniques of daylight adoption into the shopping centre through the window heights and Skylights (Atrium) that allows you to accentuate visibility of customers at some point of circulation in the mall. This study also found that illumination was rated as the most important element within the interior of a shopping mall. Keywords: Effective Daylighting, Shopping Mall, Customer perception, Daylighting strategies, Ibadan, Case Study Word count: 241
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    A Proposed Youth Recreation Center at Eleyele, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria (Effects of Landscaping Elements on Recreation Center Users)
    (Lead City University, 2022-12) Toyin Esther OGUNMOLADE
    The historical moment of COVID-19 pandemic left many people disconnected and hopeless exacerbating a national economic hardship that started well before then. A high level of idleness disengagement and unemployment was experienced by a great number of populace, the imposed lock-down period was not positively utilized due to either non-availability or non-proximity of recreation centers within the reach of the community. The economic hardship imposed by the pandemic prompted some citizens especially youths to engage in sorts of immoral acts having negative effect on their Physical and mental well-being. This study is therefore set to meet the need for the design of a recreation centre using adequate landscaping elements to achieve psychological well-being.The research deploys a case study approach through selection of five (5) recreation centers, and through analysis and observations of the selected cases. The findings from the case studies reveal the landscaping elements that can be used in achieving a psychological health balance as follows: Natural Landscape : Water Bodies, Hills, Mountains, Forest, Rocks, StoneUrban Landscape elements : (i) Hard Landscapes : Concrete Paving, Interlocking tiles, Artificial grassing, Tree planting, Decorative flowers in pots, Fountain (ii) Soft Landscapes : Natural grassing, shrubs, Vegetation Lawn, PondThe lessons learnt was transferred to the Proposed design of Recreation Center located at Eleyele the shore of Eleyele Lake in Ibadan North-East Local Government Area, Ibadan . This study has been able to establish the fact that landscaping elements can be used to improve mental health and psychological well-being of users of a recreation center.Therefore, it is recommended that stakeholders i.e. the government at all levels, Institutions, interested Individuals and general public, consider some of the identified elements, as relevant to establishment of recreation centers. Keywords : Youth, Recreation, Recreation Center, Landscaping, Mental Health (298 words)
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    Accounting Information System and Financial Performance of Tertiary Institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria
    (Lead City University, 2022-12) Jamiu BAKARE
    Accounting Information Systems (AIS) is an information system designed to record accounting transactions and events of a business and account for them in a way to comply with various applicable standard or policies. The research examines the accounting information system and financial performance of selected tertiary institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect primary data. A total of 131 questionnaire were administered among the top members of staff consisting of a total stratified population study of 190 in the Bursary department, Audit and stores and procurement units and some other Top level management and academic members of staff charged with roles of budgetary or accounting and financial roles which constitute a stratified sample size out which of 109employee of Lagos State University, Lagos State Polytechnic and Michael Otedola College of Education. The statistical tools adopted for the analysis includes the descriptive analysis of the Likert data of level 1 to 5, and the use of the Multivariate Regression analysis. The finding showed that there is significant relationship between AIS and financial performance of institutions data. The multi variate regression analyse shows that the P-Value for the dependent variable “Timely and Error Free Financial Reporting” when the adoption of AIS is below average is 0.128, which is greater than the level of significant (0.05). Therefore, accept the Null hypothesis, and conclude that when the level of adoption of AIS is above average as considered by the respondent, there is no significant effect of AIS on the “Timely and Error Free Financial Reporting. Testable hypothesis concludes that the involvement of AIS in an organization, improves timely and Error Free Financial Reporting required by supervising Government Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs). The study recommends an increase in subventions and grant required for sustaining institutions on financial planning, controls and decision making process with a view to transform life through qualitative education service delivery with the support of of provision of credible and understandable information at a minimal cost. Keywords: Accounting, Information, Systems, Accounting Theory, Technology, Performance Word Count: 253
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    Adoption and Sustenance of COVID–19: Preventive Measures among Hotel Staff in Lagos State, Nigeria
    (Lead City University, 2022-12) John Olufemi AYODELE
    The emergence of COVID-19 pandemic has greatly influenced the growth of hotel industry in every nation. Hoteliers must adopt and sustain preventive measures to tackle the spread of this disease. This study examined the level of adoption and sustenance of COVID-19 preventive measures among hotel staff in Lagos State. A descriptive survey design was adopted for this study. The population was 425 and the sample size was 203 using the stratified method. Data were obtained using a structured questionnaire, interviews, personal observation method and focus group discussion was conducted through face to face and telephone interviews for some service staff and management of the selected hotels. The data obtained were analyzed using table, frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. The respondents affirmed that their hotels put in place measures to prevent transmission of COVID-19. The hypotheses were tested using the multiple regression analysis. The results showed that there was significant combined influence of the independent factors (Gender, Age, Level of Education, Marital Status, Year of Work Experience, and Current Job Position) on adaptability of hygiene measures (R = 0.683, R2=0.187, F=13.283). The coefficient results also showed that Eko Hotel & Suites, p= -.101; The Sun Int’l Federal Place, p= -.109; Sheraton Hotel & Towers, p= -.105; Lagos Airport Hotels, p= -.098; Havannah Suites & Conference Centres, p= -.069. The output proved that the five hotels p-values were less than the 0.05 level of significance. Hence, it was concluded that there were preventive measures in place in all hotels to tackle COVID-19 transmission among hotel staff and guests; however, these preventive measures were adopted and sustained in the five selected hotels. Hence, it was recommended that hoteliers should provide adequate disinfection of the general environment, sterilization of receptions, rooms and corridors, air purifiers, and healthy meals and effectively train and educate their staff on the nature of pandemics and post-pandemic steps Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic, Hotel, Hospitality Industry, Tourism, Lagos Word Count: 295
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    Application of Biophilic Design for Human Wellbeing in Resorts
    (Lead City University, 2023-12) Sharon Iretomiwa AGBOOLA
    The recognition of our innate connection to nature is the basis of biophilic design. Its popularity has increased as a means of promoting sustainable development and improving our overall well-being. However, advancements in technology have led to a disconnection from nature. To counteract this, it is essential to incorporate natural elements into our built environment to reap the benefits of nature. This research analyzed the impact of biophilic design on human health, productivity, and overall well-being in selected resort facilities through literature and case studies. A resort facility was designed using biophilic design principles and elements to enhance human wellness. The proposed resort facility included features such as natural lighting and ventilation, weather, plants, natural landscapes, ecosystems, and the existing natural water body on the site. The study concludes that biophilia is a vital aspect of the built environment and should be prioritized in design and construction. Keywords: Biophilia, Biophilic Design, Resort, Sustainability, Nature Word Count: 147 words
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    Assessment of COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Socio-Psychological Well-Being of Employees in Tourism and Hospitality Sector in Bida, Niger State
    (Lead City University, 2022-12) Bello, Hauwa Kulu
    Drawing on social and psychological well-being literature underpinned by the concept of resilience, this study examines the impact of COVID-19 induced redundancy on the socio-psychological well-being of redundant employees, and its effect on their commitment to work and support recovery in the tourism industry. Utilizing a quantitative methods design, 400 questionnaires were administered, however, 200 were retrieved, and 15 interviews conducted with redundant employees in Bida between October and November 2021. Results from a regression analysis of the survey data supported by qualitative interview analysis indicated that age, marital status, education, monthly income and dependants had significant influence on psychological well-being [R = .50; R2 = .25; F (5, 192) = 13.07; P<.01] and social well-being [R = .36; R2 = .13; F (5, 192) = 5.65; P<.01]. Collectively, demographic factors (age, marital status, level of education, monthly income and dependants) accounted for 25 variance in psychological well-being and 13% variance on social well-being. However, when considered independently, only age (β = .26; t = 2.96; P<.05), marital status (β = -.33; t = -3.92; P<.01), level of education (β = .34; t = 4.75; P<.01) and monthly income (β = .14; t = 2.17; P<.05) were independent predictors of psychological well-being. However, work characteristics had no significant joint influence on psychological well-being [R = .20; R2 = .04; F (4, 193) = 1.91; P>.05]. However, employment status (β = -.15; t = -2.05; P<.05) was found to have independent influence on psychological well-being. As regards social well-being, when combined, work characteristics had significant joint influence on social well-being during COVID-19 pandemic[R = .22; R2 = .05; F (4, 193) = 2.50; P<.05]. However, only employment status (β = -.16; t = -2.18; P<.05) and employed household (β = -.15; t = -2.05; P<.05) was found to have independent influence on social well-being. Meanwhile, psychological well-being significantly influenced future work commitment in the industry. Managerial implications for supporting employee resilience, well-being, and future recovery strategies are critically examined. The study finds out that the fear of economic crisis and non-employability enhances the perceived job insecurity among the employees and is becoming the root causes for various socio-psychological problems such as stress, anxiety, depression and uncertainty during the covid-19 outbreak. The study concludes that the findings contributes to our understanding of how tourism employees' social and psychological wellbeing affects their ability to take part in the industry's post-crisis recovery efforts. Therefore it is recommended that the Niger state government and the players in the tourism sector should create and execute employee pay assistance programs and a strategy to reduce insurance premiums. Stake holders must select the path of survival by minimizing losses rather than taking the company's profit into account in order to recover from the COVID-19 catastrophe. Keywords: COVID-19, Employee redundancy, Social and Psychological well-being, Post-Pandemic Recovery, Bida Words Count: 298
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    Assessment of Heavy Metals and PAHs in Soil from Tyre Pyrolysis Plant located in Egbeda Local Government Area, Oyo State
    (Lead City University, 2022-12) Christopher Ogorchukwu OGBUE
    This study is aimed to assess heavy metals and PAHs in soil from tyre pyrolysis plant Egbeda, Ibadan Oyo State. Soil samples were collected from seven strategic locations around the plant. Five selected heavy metals name As, Cd, Cr, Pb and Zn were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). PAHs were extracted from soil samples through an accelerated solvent extraction system (ASE 200, Dionex, Sunny-vale, CA, USA) with a 1:1 (v/v) acetone/dichloromethane solvent mixture. The results of heavy metals showed that the average concentration of the five metals are As-0.2827 mg/kg, Cd-0.2177 mg/kg, Cr-0.1726 mg/kg, Pb-0.6753 mg/kg and Zn-1.0232 mg/kg and in decreasing order of abundance ranked Zn > Pb > As > Cd > Cr. One way ANOVA reveals that all the results were significantly different from one another (P<0.05), similarly there was no correlation between all the five metals examined. The degree of contamination and the pollution index of the study site are 13.8 and 2.2 respectively and they implied that the site is moderately contaminated.The PAHs result showed that a total of 18 PAHs were determined with average concentration ranking of Naphthalene -381.25 mg/Kg, 1-Methyl Naphthalene -335.50 mg/Kg, 2-Methyl Naphthalene -236.25 mg/Kg, Anthracene -199.75 mg/Kg, Fluoranthene -173.65 mg/Kg, Phenanthrene -140.00 mg/Kg, Pyrene -78.78 mg/Kg, Chrysene -72.20 mg/Kg, Benzo(a)anthracene -48.78 mg/Kg, Benzo(a)pyrene -45.72 mg/Kg, Acenaphthene -36.68 mg/Kg, Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene -31.26 mg/Kg, Benzo(b)fluoranthene -30.35 mg/Kg, Benzo(k)fluoranthene -27.54 mg/Kg, Fluorene -21.93 mg/Kg, Benzo(g,h,i)perylene -18.51 mg/Kg, Dibenz(a,h)anthracene -15.22 mg/Kg, and Acenaphthylene -12.98 mg/Kg. Seven major carcinogenic and tetratogenic PAHs were detected in slightly elevated levels. One way ANOVA reveals that the concentration of all the PAHs identified were significantly different from one another, although correlation study indicated that there is strong positive correlation between all the PAHs. Keywords: Pyrolysis, Scrap tyre, PAHs, Heavy metals, Environment, Concentration. Word Count: 285
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    Assessment of Physical Vulnerability Indicators’ for Developing Adaptive Architectural Design Strategies in Flood-prone Residential Areas of Lagos, Nigeria
    (Lead City University, 2023-12) Oluwakemi Saudat AJIJOLA
    Households in urban flood-prone areas are particularly vulnerable to flood disaster. Therefore, adaptive- design responses based on vulnerability assessment are needed to mitigate growing risk and associated impacts. This study examines critical indicators influencing vulnerability of houses in the flood-prone areas of Kosofe, Lagos, Nigeria, by assessing household socio-economic characteristics, flood attributes, Neighborhood and architectural design characteristics of dwellings, and adaptive capacities exhibited. The study which, aimed to fill gaps in empirical research on contextual factors affecting exposure, susceptibility, and resilience of flood-prone households in Nigeria, was underpinned by vulnerability, social-ecological systems and adaptive capacity theories. A cross-sectional exploratory sequential research design was adopted. Common themes emerging from focus-group discussions were used in the questionnaire formulation. The survey was conducted among 385 households in the study area, with a return rate of 84.15%. Opinion survey of 35 experts also served as a guide in selecting relevant indicators. IBM SPSS statistics was used for the descriptive and factor analysis, relative importance indexes and linear regression. With a high R2 value = 0.975, explaining approximately 98% of variance. The result of linear regression analysis shows that flood depth (P=0.000), building elevation (P=0.000), absence of surrounding vegetation (P=0.000), drainage system (P=0.000), low income (P=0.000), presence of household coping capacities (P=0.000), flood duration (P=0.02) and quality of buildings (P=0.04), with a P value less than 0.05, have the greatest impact on physical flood vulnerability. Therefore, this study concludes that the most robust adaptive architectural design strategies for disaster risk reduction in flood-prone residential neighbourhoods are embedded within the identified physical flood vulnerability indicators: flood depth, building elevation, surrounding vegetation, drainage system, low income, household coping capacities, flood duration and building quality. It is thus recommended that these critical indicators be carefully considered when developing an adaptive architectural design framework for risk reduction in flood-prone areas. Keywords: Adaptive Capacity, Exposure, Flood risk, Physical Vulnerability, Resilience, Susceptibility Word count: 300
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    Assessment of Regularisation of Informal Housing in Abuja, Nigeria
    (Lead City University, 2023-12) Abayomi Vincent FALEGAN
    The study accesses the regularisation strategies of informal housing and examine the effectiveness of the methods taken to regularise the phenomenon in Abuja, Nigeria. The study aims at assessing the level of regularisation of informal housing in Abuja and identifies potential approaches for future efforts. The research design adopted is a combination of multiple case studies and exploratory cross sectional (survey) approaches. The research adopted a combination of quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. A total of 340 questionnaires were administered on respondents achieving a return rate of 86.8%. Purposive and random sampling techniques were adopted in selecting the representatives of the units of investigation. Data were analysed using SPSS 20 for windows and results presented using explanatory tables and figures. Findings revealed that the current approach of regularising informal settlements in Abuja is mainly focused on the legal recognition of land ownership and non-adherence to development control measures. This method assumed that legal recognition is the only way to regularise informal settlements. However, this approach is inadequate due to the complex institutional, socio-economic and environmental circumstances related to informal settlements. Findings also revealed that the current regularisation strategies are not effective leading to further proliferation of informal settlements. The study proposes that a more holistic approach is required to effectively regularise informal settlements in the study area. Finally, the study suggests relevant strategies to improve the regularisation of informal settlements in the city. It equally calls for collaboration between government and community stakeholders to ensure effective implementation. The study offers a useful base for further research on the subject, and provide literature solutions for those seeking to address the challenges of informal housing not only in the city but elsewhere in Nigeria. Keywords: Population, Urbanisation, Informal Housing, Informal Settlement, Regularisation.
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    Assessment of Street Lighting on Urban Security System in Oyo State, Nigeria
    (Lead City University, 2023-12) Adesina Yakubu OYELAMI
    The prevailing security situation in Oyo State remains a pressing concern, with many expressing dissatisfaction with the government's efforts to address the issue effectively. However, the provision and maintenance of streetlights could play a significant role in mitigating these challenges. Thus, this study investigates the impact of a streetlight initiative on the urban security dynamics of Oyo State, Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive research design. It elicits information from residents, road users (commercial drivers and passengers) and park managers across selected routes with street lighting in Oyo State. A sample size of 400 respondents was selected randomly. Three major cities (Oyo, Ogbomosho, and Ibadan) in Oyo state were selected using purposive sampling to collect data. Data analysis employed descriptive and mean, with a mean score of 2.5 used as a decision threshold. A strong correlation (92.2%) was found between crime and areas lacking functional street lighting, consistent in both Oyo and Ogbomosho. The average mean of 3.39 highlights a significant consensus on the severity of urban security challenges. Respondents strongly agreed (mean of 3.45) on the positive impact of street lighting on security, particularly at night. Challenges identified include poor funding, corruption, power failures, vandalism, and inadequate maintenance. Proposed strategies to alleviate insecurity include installing brighter streetlights, ensuring uninterrupted lighting, establishing police patrols, regularly maintaining streetlights, refurbishing urban infrastructure, incorporating safety principles in urban planning, and intensifying crime prevention campaigns. The study concludes that unevenly lit road sections in the urban state of Oyo pose risks for users, especially during nighttime driving. Recommendations include the installation of bright streetlights in all urban centres in Oyo State, utilizing solar power or generators. Furthermore, the study advocates for intensified crime and violence prevention campaigns by civil society and relevant authorities to enhance awareness among vulnerable populations in Oyo State. Keywords: Street light, Crime, Security, Urban Infrastructure Words Count: 298
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    Climate Change and Variability as Determinants of Vegetation Cover Dynamics and Livelihood Responses of the Forested Communities of Southwest Nigeria
    (Lead City University, 2022-12) Olatunji David AYENI
    The Study investigates Climate Change and variability impacts on vegetation cover dynamics and livelihoods of the forested communities in Southwest Nigeria. This study based on spatial and temporal dimension of climate change and responses of communities whose livelihood linked to government forest reserves within 2 kilometers in Akure, Ologe, Gambari and Okoiro forest reserves. 275 structured questionnaire and key interview administered to 24 selected villages; Climatic data was obtained from Nigeria Meteorological Agency (NiMet), (1991- 2020); and Landsat data obtained from remote sensing through United State Geological Survey (USGS), (1990-2020). Analysis methods adopted were: Standardize Anomaly, Time series analysis, Normalized Vegetation Index (NDVI) using trend analysis and remote sensing/thermal bands of images regression analysis and Pearson’s Chi-square analysis. Observed rainfall and temperature were revealed to be higher than the standardized normal and irregular pattern was detected in the time series. Temperature values were predicted to be highest in every February, while rainfall peak period in September in all the study area except Ologe forest reserve (June). Also, annual rainfall and average annual temperature are predicted to increase. The result also revealed loss of vegetation cover to other land uses in Akure (8km 2 ), Gambari (36.9km 2 ), and Okoiro (0.936km 2 ), except Ologe that gained 39.1km 2 due to afforestation program by Nigeria Conservation Foundation (NCF). Satellite temperature increased between 1.9 0 C and 4.7 o C in the forest reserves. It is concluded that there was negative relationship between vegetation cover and land surface temperature that has significant impact on the livelihoods. Finally, the respondents’ perception of climate revealed rainfall variability and temperature increased that differ from 30 years ago (p value < 0.05). This study recommends bottom-up approach action plans through integration of observed climate, spatial data and local perception to enhance agro-forestry supports in communities. Keywords: Land use, Climate change, Vegetation cover, Livelihoods, Southwest Nigeria. Word Count: 298
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    Covid-19 Pandemic and Medical Tourism in Nigeria: Stories from Travel Agencies, Medics and Trapped Tourists in Ibadan
    (Lead City University, 2022-12) Peter Olufunso, ADESOPE
    The COVID-19 pandemic has presented humankind with a tremendous challenges which had affected business, health and other facet of life. The pandemic had revealed the nature of health- care delivery in Nigeria. Previous studies have focused more on describing the challenges of the pandemic, the causes and effect, without giving much attention to Medical Tourism in Nigeria: it impact on Travel Agencies, Medics and Trapped Tourists. This is a gap in knowledge this research sets -out to study using Ibadan as a case study. The outbound medical tourism provided the conceptual basis for this study. Data were collected and purposive random sampling was used to select thirty participated respondents through qualitative means from the key informants (the medical personnel, the trapped tourists and travel agencies). The data was analyzed by descriptive and bibliometric statistics techniques. The findings of the study revealed the categories of people do embark on medical tourism to be the rich, noble rich and senior civil servants. Findings also revealed that the medical personnel experienced high patronage during lockdown. Result from the travel agencies revealed some worker were retrenched while some placed on half salaries due to low patronage. As per lessons learnt, the medical profession learnt; Poor or Lack of medical facilities, equipment and specialist in most of the hospitals. The tourists and travel agencies equally experienced poor services and, low patronage. The study recommended improvement on the nature of health care facilities in the country to reduce medical tourism and advised medical tourist to first seek information within before embarking on International tour. Development of a control roadmap for Covid-19 through partnership and stakeholder’s engagement for vaccine research and provision for the existence of Covid-19 laboratory protocols that will diagnose, treat, monitor, contact tracing of infected persons with Covid-19 in line with global best practices also recommended. Keywords: Covid-19 Pandemic, Medical Tourism, Nigeria, Travel Agencies, Medics and Trapped Tourists. Word count: 300
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    COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Local Recreational and Sport Activities in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
    (Lead City University, 2022-12) Beaullah Teni TSADO
    The study examined the impact of COVID-19 on the local recreation and sporting activities in Minna, Niger State. The study was based on p rimary data collected from three hundred and forty-one (341) respondents using multi-stage random sampling techniques. The data were analysed by descriptive and inferential statistics techniques. The analysis revealed that majority of the respondents 96.2% were between 26- 35 years of age with an average of 26.5 years, (72.7%) were males and (78.3%) were single. The study revealed that (90.9%) of the respondents had NCE/OND, a fair number of the respondents about 9.1% had M.Sc/MBA. Substantial percentage of the respondents (31.7%) engaged in trading as the main occupation. Islamic practicing respondents (70.4%) being significantly higher. Majority (80.8%) of the respondents were members of social group(s). The results indicated first railway locomotive engine (97.9%) and Minna National Stadium (97.9%) with high level of awareness. The frequent patronized centres are Sultan Guara water falls (mean=2.09), Zuma rock (mean=2.13). There was significant difference (p < 0.05) between the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents and the patronage of recreation and sporting activities before and during period of COVID-19 and also the frequency of patronage of recreation centers and sporting activities before and during period of COVID-19. The study concluded that majority of the recreation centres were being patronized frequently before the period of COVID-19 compare to the period of COVID-19 in the study area. The following recommendations are made: the safety and security of employees and guests should be given clearly the highest priority and promotion of flexi-services. These strategies will positively impact on ensuring hygienically clean, safety and secure environment for guest stay. The recreation centre service providers should be continuously keep in touch with key customer base during the outbreak. Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic, Local Recretional, Sport Centre, Bida Word Count: 277
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    Effects Of Covid-19 Pandemic on Event Planning in Lagos State, Nigeria
    (Lead City University, 2022-12) Gladys Olaitan IGBEKELE
    The study focused on effects of COVID-19 on Event Planning in Lagos State, Nigeria with a view to providing information on strategies to deploy to enhance capacity to cope with future challenges. The study elicit information from 123 registered members of the Association of Professional Party Organizers and Events Managers in Nigeria (APPOEMN) Lagos State chapter with the aid of structured questionnaire using Google form. Data obtained were analysed using five points Likert scale of agreement and severity. Results of findings show that there were more females (56.5%) than males (41.5%) event planners majority of whom are aged 31-40 years (38.2%). Advancement in age was a major risk factor (severity index > 60%) among event planners in coping with postponement of event dates and reduction in numbers of guests planned for (X2 = 23.182 and 26.529; p < 0.05 in both cases) while gender and educational qualifications were factors (severity index > 60%) among female event planners and those with less than tertiary education (X2 = 7.980 and 20.843; p < 0.05 in both cases). All event planners (100%) were aware of the negative impacts the pandemic and had sought intervention schemes as government loans (52.0%), rapid response for suspected cases (51.2%) and adoption of virtual and hybrid events (29.3%). The study recommends the use of virtual technologies, webinars, real-time conversation, podcasts chats among others in bringing people together in participation of events in future pandemic. Keywords: Events, Events Planning, COVID-19 and Lagos. Word Count: 243
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    Energy Efficiency and Sustainability in A Mixed-Use Building
    (Lead City University, 2023-12) Ayoola Emmanuel AJIFERUKE
    The energy consumption patterns within mixed-use buildings remain largely uncharted territory, despite the advantages of integrating residential and non-residential functions in urban development. These advantages include reducing transportation energy usage and optimizing land utilization. This research project aims to investigate how the consumption of gas and electricity in mixed-use properties is influenced by factors such as the building's immediate surroundings and its inherent characteristics. The objective is to uncover the connections between the built environment and energy consumption and to identify effective strategies for energy conservation. The thesis also provides an overview of methods for constructing energy-efficient buildings, with a focus on examining how building development can be enhanced from an energy-saving standpoint. Building development is a complex process involving the interests of various stakeholders, and many developed nations have conducted extensive research in this field over the years. In essence, energy-saving strategies can be implemented at three levels: administrative, construction-related, and architectural. Stricter building regulations are continually being introduced and enforced. Additionally, numerous research organizations have devised Building Environmental Assessment (BEA) techniques, which incorporate energy efficiency as a vital component. Furthermore, various technical approaches to enhancing energy efficiency are in development. The thesis aims to explore the theoretical framework for achieving energy-efficient buildings. Ultimately, national laws and policies will play a crucial role in ensuring that every project prioritizes energy efficiency. Technical approaches involve fundamental research that presents proven feasible concepts, while BEA encourages developers to create more energy- efficient buildings for economic gain, serving as exemplary models for the broader market. As the current cycle of standardization and regulation reaches completion, a new one will emerge, incorporating more advanced methodologies. Keyword: Mixed Housing, Urban Planning, Built Environment Word Count: 271
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    Exploration of Architectural Design Elements For Energy Efficiency In Office Buildings
    (Lead City University, 2022-12) Talib Oluwadamilare AKANJI
    Energy efficiency in office building is very important to the user, there has been closure of different offices due to high cost of maintenance especially high cost of energy. This study therefore focuses on exploring the use of architecture design Elements for energy efficiency in office Building. The problem definition being that anthropometry, space articulation, shape, volume, texture, among other architecture Design elements can be used to achieve a healthy and low energy consumption Building that will be user friendly. The argument draws its background to the study of relevant literature and case studies. The methodology used in carrying out this research is case study of existing office Complex studied. variables where properly studied and used in designing a proposed Office Complex which significantly reduces energy Consumption. The site location and its suitability for the proposed building were also studied. In conclusion, by applying Energy efficiency strategies During design and Construction, there is possibility of achieving about 70% lesser drop in energy consumption in Building. Keyword: Energy, Office Building, Design Elements, Efficiency Word count: 175
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    Flexible Interior Space Through Modular Design In Vocational Training Institute
    (Lead City University, 2022-12) Akinkunmi Ezekiel BAMIDURO
    This research focuses on investigating the imperative interior space flexiblity in a Vocational Training Institute and the design approaches that can be adopted to design a Vocational Training Institute in Nigeria. Five case studies were investigated in this study to determine what interventions in design and material have been adopted both locally and internationally to achieve a Training Institute that can be said to be flexible and the mistakes made on the projects to avoid a repetition. This investigation helped to realise design approaches and materials that can be employed to achieve flexiblity in a Vocational Training Institute design. The research concludes with the recommendations that can be adopted to achieve flexiblity in Vocational Training Institute design. KEY WORDS: Flexible Interior Space, Modular Design, Vocational Training Institute WORD COUNT: 124