Department of Public Health

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Acceptability of Human Papillomavirus Self-Sampling among Women Living With Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome in Africa: A Systematic Review
(Lead City University, 2022-12) Olunike Rebecca ABODUNRIN
Human Papillomavirus self-sampling is a process in which a woman who wants to know if she has an HPV infection collects a cervicovaginal sample herself with a kit and sends it to a laboratory for analysis. Self-sampling has the potential to increase the uptake of cervical cancer screening among women living with HIV in Africa. Immunosuppression and low CD4 counts caused by HIV infection predispose women living with HIV infection to an increased risk for cervical cancer and the development of intraepithelial lesions. Although the majority of HPV infections are asymptomatic and cure on their own, chronic HPV infection can lead to illness. In women, persistent infection with specific HPV types (most often HPV-16 and HPV-18) can cause precancerous lesions that can proceed to cervical cancer if left untreated. The causal relation between HPV and cervical cancer has enabled self-sampling to be envisaged as a possible screening method in low-resource settings. Also, in Africa, research conducted on the acceptability of the self-sampling of HPV among HIV patients is few. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acceptability of HPV self-testing among women living with HIV, the uptake of cervical cancer screening services, the frequency of cervical cancer screening, the clinical treatment provided for cervical lesions/HPV positive and the social harm/adverse effects of self- sampling. PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Google Scholar were used to search for articles on HPV self-sampling among women living with HIV in Africa published as of 1 September 2020. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) 2020 guidelines were followed to design and report the results. A total of 1074 records were identified through electronic searches. After applying the screening criteria, 7 studies were eligible for inclusion in the review and were analysed. Five articles reported the acceptability of self-sampled tests, five studies stated the participants that tested positive, only two reported follow-up, two studies reported social harm/adverse effects of self-clinician sampled test and no study reported the frequency of cervical cancer screening. HPV self-sampling is an effective and achievable substitute for clinician sampling in Africa. It could improve the uptake of cervical cancer screening and reduce the mortality rate of cervical cancer in Africa. Keywords: Human papillomavirus, Self-sampling, women living with HIV/AIDS, Africa Word counts: 367
An Assessment Of Local Government Performance On Rural Development In South West Nigeria (1999-2020)
(Lead City University, 2022-12) OLOWOOKERE Ajisafe
To a large extent, studies have revealed that some of what undermines the performance of local governments is factors such as corrupt practices of government officials in local governments, ineffective service delivery, poor infrastructural development and the likes. This study investigated the performance and rural development of local government areas in selected states in South West, Nigeria. The study made use of descriptive survey research design. Purposive sampling technique was applied to select 3 states out of the 6 states in south west, Nigeria. Six local government areas in Ondo and Ekiti states as well as 12 local government areas in Osunstate were surveyed. A sample size of 66 staff of local government areas in the selected states served as the respondents for this study. The study discovered that on a 4 point scale, financial autonomy of the selected states in this study was at an average level of 2.50. Also, the study discovered that on a 4 point scale, service delivery of local governments in selected states in south west, Nigeria was at an average level of 2.50. In terms of quality of funding, the average level of this factor was at an average level of 2.50. Corrupt practices among officials in the local governments studied was at a low level while implementation of projects had it that Ekiti state has the highest level of implementation of projects. This was seen from a level of 3.12 on a 4 point scale. The study concluded that out of all the factors that contributed to performance of local government areas in selected states in south west, Nigeria, only implementation of projects seem to be a contributing factor to their performance. The study recommended that both state and federal governments should hands from the administration of local government areas. Key words: Performance, Rural development, Local government, South West, Governance Word Count: 298
Assessing the Effectiveness of the Interventions to Prevent Mother to Child Transmission of HIV in Adeoyo Maternity Center, Yemetu, Ibadan, Nigeria
(Lead City University, 2023-12) Eniola Deborah OYEKU
Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) programs provide a range of services to women and children that can reduce the risk of vertical transmission of HIV. Hence, this study aimed to evaluating the effectiveness of interventions to prevent mother to child transmission of HIV in Adeoyo Maternity Centre, Yemetu, Ibadan, Oyo State. A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted, involving a sample size of 300 HIV positive pregnant mothers selected in which purposeful sampling was used for qualitative data to obtained reports through focus group discussion (FGD), and random sampling was used for quantitative data case to obtained survey reports of HIV positive pregnant women where participants are selected based on their experience of providing PMTCT of HIV. Data collection was performed using an adapted questionnaire, and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Windows version 25 was used for data analysis. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.Majority (80%) of the participants engaged in PMTCT and 46.5% practice mixed feeding. The study revealed significant associations between the effectiveness of PMTCT and age (odd ratio [OR] = 1.23; 95% CI = 0.251-0.470, p = 0.02) and education (odd ratio [OR] = 1.23; 95% CI 0.111-0.456, p = 0.03), knowledge of PMTCT (OR = 2.23; 95% CI 0.223- 0.934, p = 0.00), previous antennal care age (odd ratio [OR] = 2.150; 95% CI 0.233-1.002, p = 0.02) counselling (OR = 1.43; 95% CI 0.123-1.120, p = 0.43), infant feeding choice at first PCR age (OR = 1.45; 95% CI 0.89-3.30, p = 0.04) and previous age at first PCR (odd ratio [OR] = 1.10; 95% CI 2.70-8.70, p = 3.56). Conclusion: Reduction of MTCT of HIV is possible with effective PMTCT interventions, including improved access to ARVs for PMTCT and appropriate infant feeding practices. Keywords: PMTCT, pregnant mothers, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Breastfeeding , Mother Child Transmission Word Count: 300
Assessing Willingness to Pay for HPV Vaccine among Women of known HIV Status in Lagos
(Lead City University, 2022-12) Dorinda ODONGHANRO
The knowledge and experience to prevent HPV-related diseases have been established especially in developed countries. Globally, the HPV vaccine has been proven to be effective in preventing especially HR-HPV 16 and 18 and is licensed for use. However, it has not been included among the vaccines given for free in National Immunization Program in Nigeria. The aim of this study is to investigate the knowledge of cervical cancer prevention and explore the willingness to pay for the HPV vaccine among women of known HIV status in Lagos State. In this cross-sectional study, investigators collected data by making use of a semi-structured questionnaire containing both closed and open-ended questions, The data were analyzed by the investigators using the statistical package SPSS version 27.0 (SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL). P values < 0.05 was considered statistically significant and ethical approval was obtained from the ethics committee of NIMR and LCU for this study. A total of 233 respondents participated in the study. The study findings showed the knowledge of HPV to be 33% which is below average. Among sources of information about HPV, health workers (17.0%) and friends (0.4%) recorded the highest and lowest respectively. Knowledge of cervical cancer among respondents was 68% and with major sources of information about the disease having health workers (69.7%) and friends (2.3%) from highest to lowest. Knowledge of the cervical cancer vaccine was 22.8% for the 233 respondents. Furthermore, findings showed a significant correlation between respondents’ knowledge of the vaccine and their willingness to pay for the HPV vaccine. Knowledge and positive attitude towards HPV and HPV vaccine is a key driver that plays an important role in HPV vaccine acceptance. Though cervical cancer is a preventable and treatable cancer, it requires a broadly integrated and sustained effort by multiple stakeholders before meaningful progress can be achieved. Keywords: HIV-positive, Cervical cancer, HPV (Human papillomavirus), Vaccine Word Count: 302
Assessment of Dietary Pattern, Lifestyle, Vitamin D Status, and Undiagnosed Diabetes Among Traders in Selected Markets Area in Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
(Lead City University, 2023-12) Selim Abuzayd ABDULKAREEM
An unhealthy diet is one of the major risk factors responsible for the increased prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including diabetes. Recently, low vitamin D status has been linked with Diabetes mellitus. In Nigeria, there is a paucity of data; hence, this study aimed to assess the dietary pattern, lifestyle, vitamin D status, and undiagnosed diabetes among traders in selected market areas in Ede, Osun State, Nigeria. This study adopted a descriptive cross- sectional community base design, involving consenting and eligible 176 traders attending the three selected major markets in Ede. Participants range in age from 20 and 80 years using a stratified sampling method. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information, and biochemical and laboratory assessments were determined by collecting blood samples at different stages for random blood glucose, followed by fasting blood glucose using the AccuChek Active® glucometer, and a serum vitamin D assay using the ELISA method. The comparison was done on the serum vitamin D status between normal and abnormal glycaemic profiles. Overall, 18.1 % of dysglycaemia prevalence (4.5 % prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes and 13.6 % prevalence of prediabetes) and 21.6 % prevalence of hypovitaminosis D comprise 9.1 % of vitamin D deficiency and 12.5 % of vitamin D insufficiency. A higher percentage (51.1 %) of low vitamin D concentration was observed among participants with abnormal glucose profiles, with an odd ratio six times (6.64; 95 % CI, 2.88–15.29) increasing the risk of having undiagnosed type 2 Diabetes mellitus. There is a significant relationship (p = 0.000) between vitamin D status and undiagnosed type 2 diabetes. This study demonstrated the magnitude of undiagnosed Diabetes mellitus and surprisingly low vitamin D status in the community, with significant relationships. Hence, serum vitamin D tests should be taken into consideration in a known diabetes mellitus. Keywords: Hypovitaminosis; dysglycaemia; unhealthy diet, non-communicable diseases Word count: 299
Assessment of Immunization Status and Factors Responsible for Incomplete Immunization among (9-12 Months) Attending Primary Health Care Centre in Ibadan Metropolis Oyo State
(Lead City University, 2022-12) Taofeek Adekola Basiru
Immunization is aimed at preventing most of infectious diseases. However, the coverage of immunization has been impacted by different factors in different countries. Although there are several health campaigns progressing toward improved immunization coverage, this study seek to determine the immunization status and factors responsible for incomplete immunization among Children- (9-12 months) attending Primary Health care Centre (PHC) in Ibadan North and South East Local Government Area, within Ibadan metropolis Oyo State. The descriptive cross-sectional study research design was adopted for this study. Health belief model theory was used, The study utilized multistage sampling techniques to select a total of 422 respondents from all the selected PHCs in the two sampled local government areas. Findings show that full immunization coverage for all five childhood vaccines in Ibadan North and Ibadan Southeast is low (69.5%) compared with the WHO recommended standard of 80%. Overall result shows that the full immunization coverage from the study sites for children 12 months of age is 69.7% and 69.5 for children within 9 – 11 months. The findings of study shows that percentage of immunization coverage descreases as child age increases Mothers/caregivers’ knowledge of vaccination, perception about vaccination and other socio-demographic characteristics such as level of education, occupation, and income are all statistically significantly associated with full immunization in children. as Mothers/caregivers who have good knowledge on vaccination had significantly higher proportion of their children who received all 5 vaccines. Also, mothers/caregivers with poor perception of child vaccination have lower proportion of their children receiving all 5 vaccines Keywords: immunization status, infectious disease, immunization coverage, incomplete immunization, full immunization. Word count: 250 words
Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude Towards Cervical Cancer Screening Among Female Students in Lead City University, Oyo State, Ibadan.
(Lead City University, 2022-12) Elizabeth Abiodun AYOBAMI-FADELE
One of the 15 high-risk HPV kinds, which is linked to one of the more prevalent and recurrent infections of the lower genital tract, is referred to as the "major" cause of cervical cancer with an expected 311,000 fatalities and 570,000 new cases in 2018.It has been found that female students in low-income nations have a limited understanding of the disease and screening and that the knowledge among Nigerian university students was much worse. Sixth-generation health belief model (HBM) theory was applied. It is a conceptual framework that has been applied in numerous research on health behavior for the early diagnosis and prevention of disease26 the study design was cross-sectional. A self-administered questionnaire and a purposeful sampling method was used. The study included 230 female students between the ages of 16 and no older than 40. After the surveys were coded and entered, the data was input and analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical software. The knowledge and attitude regarding cervical cancer screening were each described using a descriptive statistic, such as frequency or proportion. The study established a good knowledge towards cervical cancer screening (77%) while some show a fair knowledge of it (23%). The study reveals that the majority of female students have a good attitude toward cervical cancer screening (74%) while a minority have a poor attitude toward cervical cancer screening (26%).Furthermore, part of female students has undergone cervical cancer screening with a fair utilization recorded (68%) while some minorities are yet to have it done with a poor utilization been documented (32%).Moreso, there was a significant association with age, marital status, ethnicity, tertiary level of education, and exposure to sex for cervical cancer screening. There needs to be ongoing sensitization of the students to the disease. Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Utilization, Significant association. Word Count = 290
Assessment of Knowledge and Practice on Hepatitis B Virus Infection Prevention Among Students of University in Ikere Ekiti, Ekiti State.
(Lead City University, 2023-12) Mary Alaba ADERIBIGBE
Hepatitis B virus is more infectious than HIV, and the virus is endemic in Nigeria. The study was carried out among the students of Bamidele Olumilua University Education Sciences and Technology Ikere Ekiti aimed at investigating the knowledge and practice on Hepatitis B virus infection prevention. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge and practice of the students regarding HBV infection prevention. The design was cross sectional study where data was collected using self-administered questionnaires given to about 400 students using and analysis was carried out by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20. The results showed that 52% of the respondents have knowledge of HBV while 40% have not heard of HBV. 13.6% have undergone screening for HBV and only 14,6% had received vaccination. Minority demonstrated good practice towards prevention of HBV infection. It was concluded that low screening rates, lack of HBV vaccine uptake and poor practice towards infection prevention heightened the vulnerability of the students to HBV infection. Recommendation was made that adequate educational campaign to create awareness and prevention of the infection should be regularly done. Access to screening and vaccination should be made available to the students. Keywords: Hepatitis B Virus, Knowledge, Practice, Infection, Prevention, Vaccination. Word Count: 252 words
Assessment of Knowledge and Willingness to Pay for HPV Vaccine Among Women Of Known HIV Status in Oyo State
(Lead City University, 2022-12) Mojibola Arinola Babalola
This study assessed the knowledge and willingness to pay for HPV vaccine among women of known HIV status in Oyo State. This study discovered that willingness to pay for HPV vaccines among women of known HIV status was low in the study area. The study applied health promotion model.A descriptive cross-sectional study design that used a multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 397 women living with HIV from the study setting. A pretested self-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The data collected was coded and entered into SPSS windows, version 23.0. It was further analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics at p≤0.05.Mean age of the respondents was 44.18 ± 9.54 years, and 45.1% had secondary education as their highest educational qualifications. Also, 15.9% and 53.4% had good knowledge of HPV and cervical cancer respectively. About 17.1% had good knowledge of HPV vaccine; while 16.1% were willing to pay for HPV vaccine. In addition to this, 58.9% were willing to get their daughters vaccinated. More so, 55.4% acknowledged that they would be willing to pay for their daughter’s vaccine. Hypothetically, educational status was significantly associated with women’s knowledge of HPV (p<0.05). Furthermore, age and marital status were significantly associated with women’s knowledge of cervical cancer (p<0.05).From the foregoing study, it is evident that women’s knowledge of HPV, cervical cancer and HPV vaccine were poor. Also, very few women were willing to pay for HPV vaccine; while a little above half were willing to get their daughters vaccinated. Thus, there is a need to improve maternal knowledge and provide medical information to women of known HIV status about HPV which helps in prevention of cervical cancer. Keywords: Knowledge, willingness to pay, HPV vaccine, women of known HIV status. Word counts: 282
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes and Barriers to Breast Cancer Screening Among Women Visiting Pathology Laboratories in Ibadan North Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria
(Lead City University, 2022-12) Lebari Pleasant MENE
Breast cancer is a common disease in women and also an issue of public health concern. Early detection of breast cancer in women increases post-diagnosis survival rates and lowers breast cancer morbidity and mortality as the stage at the time of diagnosis is one of the primary contributing factors to its prognosis. A facility-based, cross-sectional study was designed to assess the knowledge, attitude and barriers to breast cancer screening among women visiting pathology laboratories in Ibadan North LGA. Purposive sampling technique was used to recruit 176 women visiting pathology laboratories for this study. A cluster sampling procedure involving multistage sampling was used to recruit the participants. A self-administered questionnaire was designed to elicit information on socio-demographic, knowledge, attitude, screening practices and barriers to breast cancer screening. Data was analyzed using SPSS (Version 23.0). The result of the study showed that the study participants (72%) had good knowledge on breast cancer. More than half of the participants (57%) had negative attitude towards screening, only 24 (14%) had good breast cancer screening practices and the Chi square test showed that “it is unacceptable to touch my breast (p = 0.2), feeling shy to uncover my breast (p =0.5), it is embarrassing to tell people about (p = 0.4), feeling worried about what the doctor may find (39%) and stigma following cancer diagnosis (38%)” are the barriers associated with breast cancer screening. The study participants have good knowledge, negative attitude and fair breast cancer screening practices. There is need for policy guidelines that will enhance adequate training of Nigerian women on the cost and benefits of early detection of breast cancer through screening, this will address the barriers associated with screening, thereby improving attitude and practice and reduce the overall morbidity and mortality. Keywords: Breast Cancer, Pathology Laboratories, Barriers Word Count: 290
Assessment of Partograph Utilization among Obstetrics Caregivers of Public Hospitals in Ogun State
(Lead City University, 2022-12) Mobolaji Abisola GBENRO
The partograph is a printed chart on which observations in labor are recorded in a graphic format by Obstetrics caregivers. Despite its importance, the partograph is poorly used. It is based on this premise that this study considered Assessment of Partograph Utilization among obstetrics caregivers. There are a few studies focusing on Obstetric caregiver related factors and health facility factors and their influence on utilization of the partograph among Obstetrics caregivers working in maternity units, but the majority of studies have been done in other parts of the world and not only in Nigeria, according to the reviewed literature. An institutional based study design was employed by this study. The study population includes all obstetric care providers working in all selected Public Hospitals. A total 419 respondents returned the instrument given to them.The findings of the study revealed that 71.79% indicated that at their last use of partograph, membrane intact was recorded, 52.5% cited unavailability of partographs as a barrier, 52.75% indicated little or no knowledge to be a barrier, 80.4% of respondents in this study indicated shortage of staff, 78.5% indicated lack of trained human power, 93.77% indicated that partographs will reduce maternal mortality.The researcher concluded that majority of the respondents have a poor level of knowledge. A statistically significant association was found between profession, usage of partograph, ever trained to use partograph, sex, marital status and knowledge of partograph. The result of the findings shows that male respondent are 3.95 less likely to use partograph compared to their counterpart who are female at (0.088, 0.726 CI). Respondent that are single are 33.3 less likely not to use partograph compared to their counterpart who are widowed/separated at (0.007, 0.125 CI). There should be continuous education of obstetrics care providers on the benefit of routine utilization of partograph. Keywords: Partograph, Utilization, Caregiver Word count: 299
Assessment of Postpartum Depression and Maternal Wellbeing Among Nursing Mothers in Ibadan North Local Government Area, Ibadan, Oyo State
(Lead City University, 2022-12) Mariam Abiodun Amuda
The major purpose of this research is to determine the factors that contribute to postpartum depression among nursing mothers in Ibadan North Local Government Area, Ibadan Oyo State, Nigeria, as well as the association between postpartum depression and maternal wellbeing among nursing mothers. The study was a facility based cross-sectional design study, aimed at nursing mothers visiting primary health centers in Ibadan North Local Government Area. Using a simple random sampling method 300 consenting nursing mothers were sampled from 5 PHCs. Data were collected using Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). The data was analyzed using the chi square approach to determine the association or relationship between postpartum depression and maternal wellbeing, and logistic regression was utilized to identify the significant components. The respondents' median age was 27.73±4.78 and their ages ranged from 20 to 44. According to this study, there is no significant correlation between mother wellbeing and postpartum (p value is 0.622), however there is one between ethnic groupings and educational attainment (p value is 0.016),(p value 0.001). Joint delivery arrangements have a strong correlation with postpartum depression prevalence at UOR, with a P value of 0.02 (0.266, 0.893%). There is also a significant association between anxious to be able to cope with the baby at p value 0 (0.128, 0.465%) and the prevalence of postpartum depression. This study found that the risk factors for postpartum depression were experienced by more than half of the respondents 83%. Since postpartum depression is frequently ignored and underdiagnosed, postnatal care should place equal emphasis on both physical and emotional health. Investments in successful prevention, diagnosis, and treatment initiatives are needed to identify nursing mothers who require assistance in order to protect the health of both mother and child. Keywords; postpartum depression, maternal wellbeing, prevalence, nursing mothers Word count 286
Assessment of the Application of Information Technology on Health Information Management Practice in University College Hospital, Ibadan
(M.PH, 2022-12) Sofiyat ADEDOKUN
Application of IT in HIM practice is a tool to promoting healthcare practice. There is evidence of ineffective HIM system as a result of cumbersome paper-based and disjointed health data management causing delay in taking prompt and effective decision. The study will serve as a template to the management and relevant bodies for implementing an effective application of IT. Overall purpose was to assess the application of IT on health information practice in UCH, Ibadan. A cross-sectional study was adopted with a multistage sampling technique to select respondents. An adapted questionnaire from previous study was used and pretested with 422 healthcare workers of UCH. Descriptive statistics of the quantitative variables were analyzed using frequency, percentage count, mean and standard deviation as represented in tables and charts. Chi-square was used to test significant associations between the dependent and independent variables. P-values <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Data collected were entered and cleaned using SPSS Version 25.0. The study showed that 89.3% of respondents had positive attitude towards IT application. All respondents agreed that IT application in HIM is beneficial. About 92.0% of respondents had good application of IT and 96.3% agreed that the facility is associated with challenges in terms of applications of IT. Chi square analysis showed educational attainment X2 Value=6.145, P-value=0.046 significantly correlate with the attitude towards IT application. Lack of access to IT tools (P-value=0.023), Failure of IT equipment or tools (P-value=0.013), Lack of management support (P-value=0.007) were significantly associated with the challenges and IT application. Intensive research on use of IT in HIM practice should be conducted within a wider environment in Nigeria to be able to documents such information for generalization. IT as a necessary tool that proffers solutions to problems emanated from paper-based health records which aids exchange of information between healthcare providers and facility. Keywords: Healthcare, Information Technology, Health Information Management Words Count: 300
Assessment of the Knowledge and Attitudes of Mothers towards Vaccination in Urban Slum, Lagos Mainland LGA, Lagos State
(Lead City University, 2023-12) Olufunke Tosin, OLANREWAJU-OGUNBEKUN
preventable diseases in Nigeria. This can largely be attributed to the under-utilization of vaccines, as well as inadequate knowledge of mothers about the importance of vaccines to the child. It was observed that despite the high distribution of vaccine to Nigeria as a country, there is still an increase in the prevalence of vaccine-preventable diseases in Nigeria. This among other reasons informed the decision of this study to assess the knowledge and attitude of mothers towards child survival strategies in Urban slums, Lagos Mainland, Lagos state. Cross-sectional survey research design was adopted and data was gathered from 377 Nursing mothers in Makoko, Aderupoko, and Botanical areas in Lagos mainland. Data was gathered using a well-structured questionnaire on the objectives of the study. Following the socio-demographics of the mothers, more of them 31.6% indicated to be between 25 and 30 years old. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were adopted to analyse the research objectives. Findings revealed that more of the mothers 80% were found to have adequate/good knowledge of immunization and child survival strategies, while the other 20% have bad or inadequate knowledge of child immunization or child survival strategies. Also, more of the respondents 59.5% had an unfavorable attitudes towards child immunization and vaccination, while the other 40.5% had a favorable attitude towards child immunization. In addition, more of the respondents 52% indicated to have good practice of child immunization and vaccination, while the other 48% had good practice of child immunization and vaccination. Further, it was discovered that number of wives, age of the child, distance to health center, transportation means, knowledge and attitude towards immunization and child vaccination were found to have a significant influence on practice of child immunization. Based on the findings, it was concluded that number of wives, age of the child, distance to health centre, transportation means, knowledge and attitude towards immunization and child vaccination were found to have significant influence on practice of child immunization. It was therefore recommended that healthcare providers and social services providers should endeavor to push a narrative that encourages spouses to provide support to their wives right from pregnancy till delivery and taking care of the baby. Keywords: Child Survival Strategies, Vaccination, Knowledge, Practice, Attitude Wordcount: 365
Assessment of the Knowledge and Awareness of Hepatitis B Virus among Nigeria Navy Personnel: A Case Study of Nigerian Navy Barracks, Ojo, Lagos
(Lead City University, Ibadan, 2023-12) Tinuola Sarah, AJAI
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) are blood borne viral diseases, however knowledge about modes of transmission and preventive aspects can help in reducing the risk of getting liver diseases and mainly transmitted through transfusion of contaminated blood and blood products. Many studies about the knowledge and awareness HBV infection have been reported in many professional groups, but few surveys are available among the military professionals. This study assesses the knowledge and awareness of Hepatitis B virus among Naval personnel at the Nigerian Navy barracks, Ojo. Lagos. A cross sectional study was conducted among Naval personnel at the Nigerian Navy barracks, Ojo, Lagos. Information about socio demographic characteristics, basic knowledge about hepatitis B viruses, its modes of transmission, prevention, symptoms and signs and also complications, Hepatitis B vaccination were also assessed from all these police trainees. The data were collected, tabulated, and statistically analyzed using SPSS 25. A total of 183 Naval personnel at the Nigerian Navy barracks, Ojo were surveyed, 83.4% has a good knowledge of Hepatitis B Virus, 75.1% has good knowledge of Hepatitis B Virus Mode of Transmission, 77.0% has good knowledge about the prevention of hepatitis B virus, 84.5% has a good knowledge of the risk factor for Hepatitis B Virus, 66.3% has good knowledge about the Symptoms of Hepatitis B Virus, 91.2% has a good knowledge of the availability of Vaccine while almost 70% of them has poor awareness of Hepatitis B Virus. In conclusion, although, the naval personnel had more knowledge of causes, risk factors, signs and symptoms, and prevention of the disease. The level of Hepatitis B vaccination among the naval personnel is extremely low. Hence, efficient health programme managing departments must take the responsibility for HBV education, transmission, testing, vaccination accessibility and availability. Keywords: Hepatitis B virus, Naval personnel, Knowledge, Risk factors Word Count: 297
Assessment of Waste Management Practices in Ibadan South East Local Government, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
(Lead City University, Ibadan, 2023-12) Adenike Oluwaseun OBISESAN
The study is examines theAssessment of Waste Management Practices in Ibadan South East Local Government Area, Ibadan Oyo State. Waste dumping spaces are sometimes being chosen without care. These spaces are neither provided by the local authority nor community administration. This has resulted in the littering, indiscriminate dumping and overflowing of skips, bins/dumpsters with waste in every nook and cranny of big cities and all-round the country in general.A cross-sectional study design was used to carry out the research and a two-stage cluster sampling is used to select respondents for this research which a total 365 administered questionnaires were distributed randomly in Ibadan south east local government, and data analysis was done by means of statistical package for social sciences. The result revealed that the socio-economic characteristics of the households in the study area have influence on waste collection and disposal interms of their age, educational levels and occupation status etc. The mean age of the respondents is is 33.30 +11.951 years. The major types of waste generated from the locality are food residues 29% and paper waste 17%. Whereas 60.1% of the respondent uses the waste management for collection of waste,26% of the respondents practices poor waste management which include burning, dropping in drainage channels , open dumping e.t.c Age, Educational status and occupational status of respondent have significantly influenced their practices on disposal/ collection the waste in the house (p < 0.05).Conclusively, Proper waste management is essential for sustainable and healthy living conditions, residents of Ibadan south east needs health education, regular provision of waste collection points. To solve these problems, the study recommended that the waste management department be well resourced to carry out its functions. The study also suggested that residents be made to bear some of the cost of waste disposal. Keywords: Practices, Ibadan southeast, Waste management, Challenges. Word Count – 300
Association Between Screen Time, and Depression Among Undergraduate Students in Lead City University Ibadan
(Lead City University, Ibadan, 2023-12) Karunwi Oluwafifunmi Evelyn
The research investigation focused on exploring the "Relationship Between Screen Time and Depression Among Undergraduate Students at Lead City University, Ibadan." The study utilized a meticulously designed, validated, and reliable questionnaire to gather data from 420 participants. The distribution of questionnaires employed a cluster sampling approach. The research adopted a cross-sectional methodology, and data analysis was conducted using the statistical package for social sciences. When assessing the prevalence of depression among undergraduate students at Lead City University, the findings revealed that 45% of the respondents exhibited mild depressive symptoms, 41% experienced moderate depressive symptoms, while 4% reported severe depressive symptoms. Only 10% of the participants showed no signs of depressive symptoms. Moreover, the study disclosed that 85.5% of the participants spent less than 4 hours using screen devices for relaxation or leisure on weekdays, whereas only 14.2% exceeded the 4-hour threshold. Importantly, the research did not identify any significant association between screen time and depression among the students. In conclusion, to proactively address the potential escalation of depressive symptoms among undergraduate students, it is advisable to incorporate a screen time threshold and encourage the adoption of other healthy lifestyle habits into their daily routines. Additionally, there is a pressing need to enhance awareness regarding the prevention and management of depression among students, especially considering the presence of severe depressive symptoms among some undergraduate students. Keywords: Screen time, Depression, Symptom, Cluster Sampling Method, Cross-sectional Technique Word Count – 235
Awareness and Attitude towards Contraceptive Use among Women of Reproductive Age in Odeda Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria
(Lead City University, Ibadan, 2023-12) Esther Olufunke, BANKOLE
Globally, maternal mortality is a significant problem, its estimated that 295,000 women worldwide pass away each year due to conditions associated to pregnancy, it is crucial to promote family planning and ensure that women, girls, and couples have access to chosen contraceptive methods. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of contraceptive use among females of reproductive age (15-49 years) accessing care in selected health facilities of Odeda LGA, Ogun State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey was used with sample size of 393 women of reproductive age assessing care in the selected health facilities of Odeda LGA, Ogun State. The inclusion criteria were female of reproductive age between 15 – 49 years. A questionnaire was used to collect data and the data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) windows version 22 and statistical significance was set at p <0.05.About 74.9% (293) have good knowledge of contraceptive, 61.6% (241) have positive attitude and 36.3% (142) of the participants use contraceptive. Hearing about family planning, Previous problem after using contraceptive and knowledge about contraceptive use all show significant association with contraceptive use with p value < 0.05. 25.4% of the participants recommended male condom, 12.1% recommended female condom, 15.8% recommended pills, 10.5% recommended injectables, 6.4% recommended IUCD, 12.7% recommended Implants, 1.3% recommended female sterilization. Based on findings, it was confirmed that the level of knowledge and attitude of women of reproductive age in the selected health facilities of Odeda LGA, Ogun State, Nigeria towards Contraceptive use was high but positive attitude which does not correspond with the use which is low, to this effect, there is more need for healthcare givers at the facilities to put more work into educating women on the safeness and benefits of contraceptive. Key Words: Contraceptive, Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Women of Reproductive Age Word Count:290
Awareness and Attitudes Towards Hepatitis B Virus Among Students and Their Vaccination Status in Lead City University
(Lead City University, 2022-12) Mayokun Emmanuel OGUNWUMIJU
This study assessed the Awareness and attitudes towards hepatitis B virus among students and their vaccination status in Lead City University. This study Specific objectives includes; To assess the awareness of Hepatitis B virus among students in a tertiary institution, To determine the attitude of students towards Hepatitis B vaccination among students of tertiary institution. To determine the status of hepatitis vaccination among students of tertiary institution. The study adopted cross sectional study. A sample size four hundred students were selected from estimated number of students in Lead City University, Ibadan, Oyo state. A multistage sampling technique was used for this study, the first stage is where all participants were grouped into clusters according to their faculties and then the second stage, the participant were grouped into smaller clusters according to their departments under these faculties. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test at 5%. A look at the awareness of hepatitis b virus among students revealed average level of awareness among them, as those that are aware is 49.4%.The attitude of people on Hepatitis B Virus infection was also assessed in the study. Results from the study showed that majority of the people (55%) had good attitude as this percentage had an average score of 3 and the perception was not bad as less than half of them scored within the range of 0-2. Also, majority (56%) of the participant were of the view that hepatitis b vaccination should be made compulsory. The results of the study also showed that most of respondents (78%) believed that healthy people need vaccination against HBV. Almost all of the respondents (69%) indicated that they were willing to be vaccinated against Hepatitis B Virus infection. However, only 15% had ever been vaccinated against the hepatitis B virus infection. Based on the study, the following recommendations were made; Universities should raise awareness about the benefits and safety of HB vaccination, Universities should work with ministry of health to get free kit to conduct the Hepatitis B virus test, Lectures on hepatitis B virus and vaccination should be part of the school orientation program for the new students. Word counts:355
Contraceptive use among Adolescent Girls(15-19 Years) in Ogun State, Nigeria
(Lead City University, 2022-12) ONIYITAN Adedoyin Adedeji
Adolescent contraception stemmed from that fact that a large majority of unwanted pregnancies , unsafe abortions, that results in deaths are from the age group 15-19 years. Its is expected that if these gropu of people have access to and are knowledheable about the use of modern contraception, the high rise of the aforementioned cases will reduce drastically. The objective of the study is to to assess the awareness and practice of contraception among the adolescent girls (15-19 years) in Ogun State The research adopted a cross sectional study using self- administered questionnaires.Three Hundred and Forty Seven (347) adolescent girls 15-19 years who are in the final secondary schools and early tertiary institutions were sampled which required their knowledge, access, and use of contraceptives. Descriptive bivariate and logistic regression was used to test associations between the contraceptive use and the independent variables. From the study, a higher proportion of the respondents was aware about contraception. Furthermore, the highest proportion of the respondents (87.7%) sourced their contraceptives in pharmarcy/drug store, with proportion of the respondents (46.0%) claiming to have heard about contraceptives before. The result from Table 7 shows that adolescent of age 15-17 are 1.28 less likely to use contraceptives compared to their counterpart who are 18-19 years at (0.477, 1.267 CI). The findings shows from the study that respondent who are practicing Islam are 1.2 less likely to use contraceptives compared to their counterpart who are practicing Christianity at (0.471, 1.278 CI). The findings also shows that people who are living in the rural are 2.09 less likely to use contraceptive compared to their counterpart who live in urban at (0.170, 1.346 CI). Word count – 272 Keywords – Adolescent, Contraceptive use, Knowledge

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