Prevalence and Risk Factors of Pulmonary Tuberculosis among Antenatal Patients in Adeoyo Maternity Teaching Hospital Ibadan, Oyo State
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2022-12
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Lead City University
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is a public health concern, World Health Organization declared tuberculosis as a public health emergency in 2005. The infection is a significant contributor to maternal mortality, spontaneous abortion, preterm labour, low birth weight and increased neonatal mortality. Tuberculosis is among the 3 leading causes of death in pregnancy among age 15-45 years in high burden areas (Nigeria). Diagnosis of tuberculosis in pregnancy may be challenging as the initial symptoms may be linked to the pregnancy, the normal weight gain in pregnancy may further make up for weight loss. 150 pregnant women attending ante natal clinic at Adeoyo Maternity Teaching Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State were screened for Mycobacterium tuberculosis using Lowenstein Jensen media for culture, slide microscopy using Ziehl Neelsen stain for Acid fast bacilli, and Molecular method using GeneXpert machine. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed on Lowenstein Jensen media using proportion method according to CLSI guidelines. The subjects were screened for diabetes using Randox reagent for glucose estimation alongside control and standard. HIV screening using combined kits of Determine and Unigold were also performed. Out of 150 respondents screened for diabetes, 7(4.7%) were diabetic, 150 clients were screened for HIV/AIDS, 2(1.3) were reactive, culture media results show 2(1.3%) yielded growth of MTB, 3(2.0%) grew bacilli, 2(1.3%) yielded growth of yeast cells. Slide microscopy results revealed that 2(1.3%) were AFB positive. Molecular detection of MTB (GeneXpert) showed that 7(4.7%) were positive (RIF resistant not detected). Antimicrobial susceptibility test revealed that the isolates were sensitive to the first line anti-tuberculosis drugs (Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Ethambutol). The prevalence of tuberculosis in pregnancy was found to be 4.7% and the likely risk factors are Diabetes, HIV/AIDS and accommodation congestion. This calls for prompt and immediate forms of intervention. All the circulating strain isolated were sensitive to the first line Anti-TB drugs.
Keywords: Microbacteria, GeneXpert, Acid Fast Bacilli, Tuberculosis, Antimicrobial susceptibility test, Lowenstein Jensen media
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Kate Turabian