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Item Value Added Tax implementation and Consumer Behavioural Needs in Southwest, Nigeria(Lead City University, Ibadan, 2025-12) Sekeenah Adepeju ADEDIRANConsumer behavior refers to the different aspects of the consumer's consumption choices. Consumers do make some decisions on the choices for instance to consume or not to consume a given product. This study investigated Value Added Tax implementation and its impact on Consumer Behaviour in Southwest, Nigeria. Ex-post facto research design with the use of secondary data such as the company reports, journal and letters were employed for data collection. The population of the study comprised 7 companies that offer consumer goods and services and are listed on Nigeria Stock Exchange. They are; ABC Transport, BUA Foods, BUA Cement, Cadbury Nigeria, Berger Paints, Dangote Sugar and Refinery and Flour Mills of Nigeria. Also, an inferential methods of data analysis were employed to determine the extent to which Value Added Tax implementation impact Consumer Behaviour in Southwest, Nigeria. The result yielded a coefficient of multiple regression Adj R 2 = 0.138, F(5,157)= 6.174, p= 0.000. The ANOVA result from the regression analysis shows that there was a significant impact of the independent variable (Value Added Tax) on the dependent variable (Consumer Behaviour). It was recommended that management of consumer goods companies in Southwest, Nigeria need to improve on regulations of their VAT for effective refection on the consumer goods’ prices Key Word: Consumer Behaviour, Value Added Tax Word Count: 208Item Monetary Policy, Corruption and Financial Development in Nigeria(Lead City University, Ibadan, 2025-12) Azeez Adebanjo WAHABThis study examines the complex relationships between monetary policy, corruption, and financial development in Nigeria, with a specific focus on four key dimensions: financial access, depth, efficiency, and stability. Despite various reform efforts, Nigeria's financial development remains hindered by persistent macroeconomic instability and widespread institutional corruption, which distort the transmission mechanisms of monetary policy and impede sustainable economic growth. The study is grounded in the Monetary Transmission Mechanism Theory and complemented by the New Keynesian Theory, Institutional Theory, and the Endogenous Growth Theory. This study employed the ex post facto research design. It utilised secondary time-series data spanning from 2013 to 2023, sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), the World Bank's Global Financial Development Database, and Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index. Analytical techniques include descriptive statistics, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression, and Granger causality tests, complemented by diagnostic checks for heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation, and normality, to analyse relationships between variables using E- VIEW software. The results from the findings show that monetary policy has a significant influence on financial access, with the model explaining substantial variation (R² = 0.9841, Adj R² = 0.9618, F = 44.134, p < 0.05). Similarly, monetary policy plays a key role in financial depth (R = 0.960, R² = 0.960, Adj R² = 0.940, F = 47.624, p < 0.05) and financial efficiency (R = 0.8293, R² = 0.8293, Adj R² = 0.6586, F = 4.859, p < 0.05). Corruption significantly affects financial access (R² = 0.939, Adj R² = 0.927, F = 77.493, p < 0.05) and efficiency (R² = 0.860, Adj R² = 0.814, F = 18.469, p < 0.05), but its impact on financial depth is negligible (R² = 0.209, Adj R² = 0.051, F = 1.322, p > 0.05). The exchange rate, as a control variable, also significantly influences financial development (R² = 0.872, Adj R² = 0.668, F = 5.275, p < 0.05). Granger causality tests reveal that financial development causes corruption (F = 13.777, p = 0.0037) and money supply affects inflation (F = 4.133, p = 0.065) and corruption (F = 7.824, p = 0.016). These results emphasise the dynamic interplay between monetary policy, corruption, and exchange rate stability in shaping financial development outcomes. The study's findings conclude that monetary policy, corruption, and exchange rate dynamics have a significant impact on financial development in Nigeria. Monetary policy affects access, depth, and efficiency, while exchange rate fluctuations influence financial stability. Corruption hampers access and efficiency but has minimal effect on depth. The study emphasises the importance of robust governance and targeted policies in promoting sustainable financial development. Based on the findings, it is recommended that Nigerian policymakers should tailor monetary policies to improve financial access, depth, and stability while prioritising anti-corruption efforts, especially within financial institutions. The Central Bank should monitor inflation and exchange rates to ensure stability. Exchange rate management should be incorporated into monetary policy to foster growth alongside ongoing institutional reforms to reduce corruption and support financial development. Keywords: Monetary Policy, Corruption, Financial Development, Financial Access, Depth Word Count: 495Item Tax System, Incentives and Business Continuity of Small and Medium Enterprises in Nigeria(Lead City University, Ibadan, 2025-12) Matthew Kunle OLAWALEIn Nigeria, tax takes significant portion of firm profit and has the potential to reduce firm ability to grow and in worst case end existence of SMEs. To support SMEs, Government introduced tax incentives and modified tax system but it seems not to end the problems bedeviling SMEs. In the light of this, the study examined Tax System, Incentives and Business Continuity of SMEs in Nigeria. Specifically, the objective of the study investigated the impact of tax policy and incentives on continuity of SMEs in Nigeria. The study leveraged on Normative theory. The theory established an understanding of the impact of tax structures and incentives on the continuity and development of SMEs that is profoundly relevant. A descriptive research design was adopted for this study. The study focused on the registered SMEs owners and operators in the four Major State in Nigeria which are: Lagos, Kano, Port- Harcourt and Abuja with significant numbers of registered SMEs and operators. The study adopted a stratify random sampling technique. A sample of (n=394) SMEs were determined from a total of (Ni = 25,661) in the states, using Taro Yamane (1967) formula. This study relied on primary data which were gathered through structured questionnaires containing closed ended questions so as to ensures that the respondents are restricted to certain categories in their responses. The data were collected through e-survey (i.e., google form). The reliability coefficient of research instrument is 0.730>0.70 which indicated that the questions are reliable. Four hypotheses were tested in the study using regression and ANOVA, as well as correlation Analysis. The findings revealed that there is positive and significant relationship between Tax System, Incentives and Business Continuity of SMEs in Nigeria; The study also indicated that the application of tax holiday benefits has a meaningful positive contribution to SME survival in Nigeria. In addition, tax holidays offer SMEs temporary alleviation from tax liabilities, which enables them to put the reduced costs back into their businesses. The result of the regression analysis carried out by the study indicated that the coefficient for tax holiday incentives is 1.086. This implies that for every unit increase in tax holiday incentives, SME continuity improves by 1.086 units. The study therefore recommended that tax authorities need to hold specific trainings and workshops for SMEs so that they are educated on their tax obligations and the various tax incentives offered to them; consider expanding the coverage of capital allowance incentives to include newly emerging sectors such as Information Technology, renewable energy, and service sector in other to enable these sectors grow very fast and be suitable for incentives to lower operational costs in order to make them competitive both locally and internationally; Policymakers should initiate longer tax holiday periods for startups in technology, manufacturing, and agriculture where growth potential is deemed to be higher; It was suggested that future studies should examine the relationship between tax incentives and other contextual factors, including financing, regulations, and infrastructure, that influence the growth of SMEs in Nigeria and other emerging economies. Keywords: Tax System, Tax Incentives, Business Continuity of SMEs, Tax Policy, Tax holiday Incentives Word Count: 500Item Digital Tax Applications and Tax Revenue Generation in Nigeria(Lead City University, Ibadan, 2025-12) Francis Olatayo OLASUNKANMIThe study examined Digital Tax Applications and Tax Revenue Generation in Nigeria. Specifically, determined the effect of Integrated Tax Administration System on tax revenue generation in Nigeria; determined the effect of the Standard Integrated Government Tax Administration System on tax revenue generation in Nigeria; and examined the relationship between Tax Pro-max system and tax revenue generation in Nigeria. Data were collected across five (5) countries (i.e, Nigeria, the U.S, the U.K, Irish, and Germany). The data were collected for the period of 1990 – 2024 from the FIRS audited annual report, CBN statistical bulletin, Internal Revenue Service (U.S), HM Revenue & Customs (U.K), The Revenue Commissioners (IRISH), ELSTER / Federal and State Tax Authorities (Germany). Mixed research design was used, while the work leveraged the technology acceptance model. The population consisted of 10,336 tax officers and 41,000,000 taxpayers in Nigeria. The sample size of 400 was determined using Taro (1967) formula and on the basis of stratified sampling as the populations of the tax officers and the taxpayers are heterogeneous in nature. The hypotheses were tested using Ordinary Least Square. The findings that the ITAS exhibits (β2 = 4.659414, p = 0.0366), indicating that it was highly significant at the 5% level. This suggested a high and positive correlation between the adoption of ITAS and the generation of tax revenue in Nigeria during the study period. The findings on the hypothesis indicated that the Standard Integrated Government Tax Administration System (SIGTAS) (β3 = -2.74, p = 0.0435) and thus statistically significant at the 5% level. This indicated a strong but negative effect, hence, adoption of SIGTAS could have transitioned inefficiently which weakened its effect on tax revenue in Nigeria. The hypothesis indicated that Tax Pro-Max exhibits (β4 = 11.39948, p = 0.0016), reflecting strong statistical evidence of significant effect on tax revenue generation. This signified that the adoption of Tax Pro-Max has significant effect on tax revenue generation, arguably due to improved compliance, mechanisation, and efficiency of the digitalised process. The study concluded that the necessity of sustained investments in digital tax infrastructure, the execution of coherent implementation frameworks, and the advancement of complementary institutional reforms to optimise the fiscal sustainability of digital taxation and ensure the sustainability of Nigeria’s tax revenue architecture is progressively improving through the prevailing digital tax application process. The study recommended that the government should invest in robust ICT infrastructure to ensure seamless operation of systems across all tax offices in Nigeria; establish regular monitoring and evaluation assessments for ascertaining the performance and impact of the tax promax for making more improvements in time; the tax pro-max should be continuously updated because of their positive impacts to handle more taxpayer interactions and data complexity; taxpayers should be educated on utilising digital platforms effectively to facilitate voluntary compliance and reduce errors when filing; taxpayers' data should be secure, digital tax policies should be flexible enough to take in new technology and taxpayer trends; provide comprehensive training to FIRS staff to utilize, troubleshoot, and optimize digital tax platforms. Keywords: digital tax applications, ITAS process, SIGTAS process, Tax promax, tax revenue. Word Count: 500Item Microfinance Institutions, Environmental Factors, and Poverty Alleviation in Oyo State, Nigeria(Lead City University, Ibadan, 2024-12) Ibukun Adetoun ABULUDEPoverty is a big concern in Nigeria, potentially affecting more than 60% of the population, despite efforts indicated in the MDGs. Microfinance banking holds promise for poverty alleviation, but it has had limited impact in Nigeria. This study attempts to fill knowledge gaps in the impact of regulatory environments, socioeconomic factors, and technology on poverty dynamics in Nigeria. Concentrating on Oyo State, Nigeria. This study used a descriptive survey research design, with a population of 53 microfinance institutions spread across Oyo State's three senatorial zones, and a sample size of 240 clients drawn at random from these institutions. The study used a stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that microfinance institutions significantly affect poverty alleviation within the context of the Nigerian economic landscape (R 2=0.061, F(1,238)=23.158, t= 24.176 p= 0.000). Regulatory environment has positive and significantinfluences on poverty alleviation (R2=0.111, F(1,238)=29.632, t= 5.443 p= 0.000). Socioeconomic factors has positive and significant impact on poverty alleviation (R2=0.979, F(1,238)=519.861, p= 0.000). Technology & Innovation has a positive and significant effect on poverty mitigation (r = 0.817, p = 0.000). The study also identifies socioeconomic factors such as access to education, income inequality, healthcare, and social welfare programs as critical determinants of poverty reduction. Additionally, it highlights the transformative potential of technology adoption, particularly in digital financial services, to enhance financial inclusion and poverty alleviation efforts. Recommendations include prioritizing regulatory reforms, investing in capacity building for MFIs, intensifying efforts to promote financial inclusion, diversifying product offerings, embracing technological innovations, and establishing robust monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. These findings contribute empirically to the discourse on poverty alleviation and the role of MFIs in Nigeria, offering valuable insights for policymakers, practitioners, researchers, and scholars alike. Keywords: Poverty Mitigation, Microfinance Institutions, Banks, Regulatory Environment, Socioeconomic Factors, Technological Innovation Word Count: 295Item Business Resilience, Digital Marketing Capability and Sustainability of Agro-allied SMEs in Osun State(Lead City University, Ibadan, 2024-12) Patrick Olanrewaju OLATUNJIThe Agro-allied industry in Nigeria is a cornerstone of the country's agricultural value chain, linking raw agricultural products with industrial processing and supporting economic diversification efforts. Nonetheless, the Agro-allied industry in Osun State faces significant sustainability challenges that threaten its ability to contribute meaningfully to economic growth and rural development. This development is suggestive of challenges attributable to deploying Business Resilience (BR) and Digital Marketing Capability (DMC). Hence, this study examined the interaction of BR and DMC on performance of Agro-allied SMEs in Osun State, Nigeria. The cross-sectional survey research design was adopted. The population was 120 owner-manager of registered Agro- allied SMEs in Osun State. Total enumeration method was adopted given the small study population. A validated questionnaire was used to collect data. The Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficients for the constructs ranged from 0.733 to 0.917. The response rate of 95% was achieved. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that BR had positive and significant effect on sustainability (R 2= 0.397, F(1,277)=182.247, p=0.000). BR had positive and significant effect on environmental sustainability (Adj. R 2= 0.4401, F(4,109)= 23.189, p= 0.000). BR had positive and significant effect on economic sustainability (Adj. R2= 0.4401, F(4,109)= 23.189, p= 0.000). BR had positive and significant effect on social sustainability (Adj. R2= 0.4401, F(4,109)= 23.189, p= 0.000). DMC had positive and significant moderating effect on the interactions between BR and sustainability of Agro-allied SMEs firm in Osun State(ΔR2= 0.010, ΔF = 7.230, P= 0.008). This study concluded that was a statistically significant effect of BR on sustainability. Further analysis revealed that DMC is significant moderator given the linkage between BR and sustainability of Agro-allied SMEs in Osun State, Nigeria. Owner-managers of Agro-allied SMEs in Osun State should renew their commitment to these BR dimensions and advantage of revenue generation potential of DMC. Keywords: Agro-allied industry, Business resilience, Digital marketing capability, Sustainability Word Count: 300Item Human Resource Management Practices and Academics’ Retention in Selected Private Universities in South-west, Nigeria(Lead City University, Ibadan, 2024-12) Camilla Olubukola FATUNMBIOne of the major issues facing many organizations today is employee retention. Even though management of organisations are making conscious efforts to ensure employee engagement, recent studies have shown that there is a steady decline in employees’ engagement, especially among academics of university. The study therefore examined the role of human resource management practices on academics’ engagement in selected private universities in Southwest Nigeria. The study is hinged on two theories-Equity Theory and Social Exchange Theory. A total of 458 copies of questionnaire were administered to selected private universities. Five-point Likert scale questionnaire was used for data collection. Collected data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Based on hypothesis one, the overall regression model was statistically significant (F=15.495, p=0.000) suggesting that the human resource management practices collectively contributed to the prediction of academics’ intention to stay. Hypothesis two revealed that the overall regression model was statistically significant (F=11.341, p=0.000) suggesting that the human resources collectively contributed to the prediction of academics’ loyalty. Hypothesis three revealed that the overall regression model was not statistically significant (F=2.331, p=0.058) suggesting that the human resources collectively do not contribute to the prediction of the commitment of the academic staff. Hypothesis four revealed that the overall regression model was statistically significant (F=3.129, p=0.016) suggesting that the human resources collectively contributed to the prediction of the engagement of the academic staff. Also, it was revealed that there is a weak positive significant relationship between work life balance programme (B=0.240, t-value=2.802, p value=0.006) and engagement. Based on the findings of the study, it was therefore, recommended that university management should ensure that good and effective human resource management practices are put in place in order to ensure maximum and efficient productivity from staff. Keywords: Human Resource Management Practices, Academics’ Intention, Loyalty, Engagement, Commitment. Word Count: 300Item Human Capital Development Practices, Firm-specific Factors, and Employee Performance of Selected Oil & Gas Marketing Companies in Southwest, Nigeria(Lead City University, Ibadan, 2024-12) Olatunji Shina AMOOThe global oil and gas industry faces significant challenges in maintaining high levels of employee performance amidst market volatility, geopolitical tensions, and environmental disruptions. These issues, compounded by the hazardous nature of operations and skills gaps due to an aging workforce, have strained efforts to sustain productivity and organizational efficiency. In Africa, particularly in Nigeria, additional hurdles such as inadequate training programs, unstable infrastructure, fluctuating oil prices, and corruption exacerbate the problem. These challenges have hindered creativity, commitment, service quality, and efficiency among employees in the sector, negatively impacting overall industry performance. The Oil & Gas industry in Nigeria plays a pivotal role in the nation's economy, contributing to employment generation and economic growth. Despite this critical relevance, companies within this industry are facing declining employee performance which is suggestive of challenges associate with Human Capital Development Practices (HCDPs), Firm-Specific Factors (FSFs), and Organisation Culture (OC). Hence, this study assessed the interaction of HCDPs, FSFs, and OC, on employee performance in selected Oil & Gas marketing companies in Southwest, Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey research design was adopted. The population was 528 heads of strategic units in 132 Oil & Gas marketing companies in Southwest, Nigeria. Total enumeration method was adopted given the small study population. A validated questionnaire was used to collect data. The Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficients for the constructs ranged from 0.705 to 0.873. The response rate of 94.1% was achieved. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that HCDPs had positive and significant effect on employee performance (Adj.R 2 = 0.242, F(5,491)= 32.602, p=0.000). FSFs had positive and significant effect on employee performance (Adj.R 2 = 0.249, F(2,494)= 83.052, p=0.000). Human capital development practices and firm-specific factors had positive and significant effect on employee performance (Adj.R 2 = 0.251, F(2,494)= 84.122, p=0.000). Organisation culture had positive and significant moderating effect on the interaction between HCDPs and FSFs on employee performance of Oil & Gas marketing companies in Southwest Nigeria (B = 0.003, p = 0.006). This study concluded that was a statistically significant effect of HCDPs and FSFs on employee performance in Oil & Gas marketing companies in Southwest Nigeria. Further analysis revealed that OC played a significant moderating effect. Management of the Oil & Gas marketing companies in Southwest should renew their commitment to these internal contingences and take advantage of the value relevance of organisation culture. Keywords: Employee Performance, Firm-Specific Factors, Human Capital Development Practices, Oil & Gas Industry, Organisation culture Word Count: 391Item Entrepreneurial Competency, Social Capital and Success of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Food Processing Industry in Lagos State, Nigeria(Lead City University, Ibadan, 2023-12) Oyedele Matthew OYEKUBy nature small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are more vulnerable to failure compared to large enterprises. Though this trend existed before Covid-19 but Covid-19 did not make SMEs success rate better but rather made it worst. Just after Covid-19 when SMEs began to recover gradually came the global inflation. All these are external factors outside the control of the entrepreneurs. To ensure success, entrepreneurs need to look inward to see how personal resource could be harnessed and deployed to ensure enterprise success. The objective of this study is therefore, to investigate the effect of entrepreneurial competency (EC) and social capital (SC) on entrepreneurial success (ES) and to examine the moderating effect of environmental munificence (EM) on the EC-ES and SC-ES relationships within the Food Processing Industry (FPI) in Lagos State. This study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design, and the population is 7000 SMEs operating under FPI in Lagos State. Sample of 282 respondents were computed using National Education Association’s formula. The study adopted a stratified-random sampling technique. A validated questionnaire was used to collect data. The Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficients for the constructs ranged from 0.73 to 0.92; Average Variable Extracted (AVE) value above 0.5 and Heterotrait- Monotrait (HTMT) values below 1 for all the construct confirmed convergent and discriminant validity of the questionnaire respectively. The response rate of administered questionnaire is 79.1%. The underpinning theories for the study are the Resource Based and Rock Star theories. The hypotheses are tested with the aid of structural equation modeling (SEM) using Smart PLS-SEM and Statistical Package for Social Sciences i.e. SPSS 26. Findings revealed that EC and SC has positive and significant effect on SMEs success (R 2=0.518, p=0.000, Q2 =0.160). EC (Adj.R 2=0.325, p=0.000, Q2 =0.206) and SC (Adj.R 2=0.372, p=0.000, Q2 =0.231) have positive and significant effect on profitability. EC (Adj.R 2=0.317, p=0.000, Q2 =0.131) and SC (Adj.R 2=0.367, p=0.000, Q2 =0.228) have positive and significant effect on sales growth. EC (Adj.R 2=0.304, p=0.000, Q2 =0.155) and SC (Adj.R 2=0.337, p=0.000, Q2 =0.228) have positive and significant effect on customers satisfaction. EC (Adj R 2 =0.320, p=0.000, Q2 =0.213) and SC (Adj.R 2=0.389, p=0.000, Q2=0.263) have positive and significant effect on competitiveness. EM has positive and significant moderating effect on the interactions between EC and Success of SMEs (β =0.321; p< 0.006, Q2 =0.235) and between SC and succsess of SMEs (β =0.301; p< 0.024, Q2 =0.243) in FPI in Lagos State. This study concludes that EC and SC affect SMEs in FPI in Lagos State. EM plays a significant moderating role. The study recommended that managers oversee FPI in Lagos State need to re-evaluate their commitment to each of the EC and SC assessed given their moderate contributions to SMEs success. Keywords: Entrepreneurial competency, Social capital, Environmental munificence, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), SMEssuccess Word Count: 443Item Personal Income Tax and Economic Development in Lagos State, Nigeria(Lead City University, Ibadan, 2024-12) Diekolola Babatunde OSINUPEBIThe rate at which Nigeria economy (GDP) continuously nosedives urgently calls for the attention of researchers. The effect of personal income tax on economic development,particularly within the context of Lagos State, is a multifaceted issue that warrants comprehensive investigation. This research aims to determine the effect of Personal Income Tax on Economic Development, using the personal income tax of Lagos State as a case study. The time scope of this study spans from 2012 to 2023. This study adopts an ex post facto research design. Using documentation method of data collection, secondary data was collected from Lagos State Internal Revenue Services (LIRS) reports, National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) data, etc. Data collected were analyzed using a Hierarchical Regression in testing the hypotheses of the study with the aid of SPSS 25 Version. This study revealed that personal income tax, tax base and tax compliance rate contributed significantly to the gross domestic product of Lagos state. Arisen from the findings of the study, the researcher recommended that there is urgent need for the state government of Lagos state to encourage and develop various mechanisms for generating more PIT in order to increase the gross domestic product. To ensure that PIT base increases, government should create opportunities for employment generation. To increase compliance rate, government should engage tax professionals, employ faithful, dedicated and hardworking staff to assist in the area of tax collection from small and medium scale business in Lagos state. Also, there is need for proper documentation and management of this revenue. Keywords: Personal Income Tax, Tax Base, Tax Compliance Rate, Gross Domestic Product Word Count: 253Item Entrepreneurial Orientation, Technological Capabilities, and SMEs Performance in Oyo State, Nigeria(Lead City University, Ibadan, 2024-12) Olatunji Alaba HASSANThis study explores the impact of entrepreneurial orientation and technological capabilities on the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Oyo State, Nigeria. Using a descriptive survey research design, the study aims to address the gap in understanding how these factors interact to influence SME performance in a developing economy context. The theoretical framework integrates the resource-based view (RBV) and dynamic capabilities theory, shedding light on how organizations leverage internal resources and capabilities to gain competitive advantages. The population for this study comprises 31,739 SMEs in Oyo State, representing 4.7% of Nigeria's total SMEs, based on SMEDAN (2021). A sample size of 1,290 SMEs was determined using the Krejcie and Morgan table, and stratified random sampling was applied across the senatorial districts of Oyo Central, Oyo North, and Oyo South to ensure proportional representation. Data was collected using a well-structured questionnaire, validated through a pilot study of 129 SMEsin Ogun State, with a Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of 0.823, indicating good reliability. The findings reveal significant relationships between entrepreneurial orientation, technological capabilities, and SME performance. In Model 1, an inverse relationship was observed between Innovativeness and SME performance, with a coefficient of-0.998 and high statistical significance (p = 0.000). Model 2 demonstrated a strong positive correlation between Proactiveness and SME performance (R = 0.982, R² = 0.964), with Proactiveness significantly enhancing model accuracy (R² Change = 0.889, F Change = 31,788.330, p = 0.000). Coefficients indicated that Proactiveness has a major positive effect on performance (B = 5.899, Beta = 0.960, t = 178.293, p = 0.000). Model 3 indicated a strong overall fit (R = 0.988, R² = 0.976), with Risk-taking negatively impacting performance (B =-0.348, p = 0.000), while Innovativeness and Proactiveness had positive effects. In Model 4, the inclusion of IT Infrastructure further strengthened the model (R = 0.988, R² = 0.976), with IT Infrastructure showing a minor but statistically significant positive effect (F Change = 21.044, p = 0.000). The final model, Model 5, explained 98.4% of the variability in SME performance, with Technology Adoption contributing an additional 0.8% (F = 15,780.849, p =0.000), highlighting its strong positive effect on performance (B = 2.476, p = 0.000). The study concludes that SMEs with higher levels of innovation, proactiveness, and technological investment tend to outperform their competitors. The findings suggest that SME owners in Oyo State should prioritize the development of entrepreneurial orientation and technological capabilities to enhance their performance and competitiveness in the dynamic business environment. This research provides valuable insights into the factors that drive SME success in a developing economy context, offering practical recommendations for policy and practice. Keywords: Entrepreneurial Orientation, SMEs Performance, and Technological Capabilities Word Count: 438Item Innovation Capabilities, Internal Control and Performance of Retail Stores, South-West, Nigeria.(Lead City University, Ibadan, 2024-12) Abraham Adebowale OLA-ADEYEMOThis research explores the impact of innovation capabilities and internal control systems on the performance of retail stores in South-West Nigeria. The study focuses on three primary innovation capabilities: computerized accounting systems, online trading services, and data analytical tools, and assesses their impact on retail performance, measured by sales growth and profitability. Additionally, the study examines the moderating role of internal control systems in enhancing the relationship between these innovative tools and business performance. A cross- sectional survey was conducted, with data collected from 397 retail stores in Lagos and Ibadan, two major commercial centers in the region. The results reveal that computerized accounting systems (β1=1.079, R²=0.920, p=0.000), online trading services (β2=1.001, R²=0.880, p=0.000), and data analytical tools (β3=0.919, R²=0.923, p=0.000) all have a significant positive effect on the performance of retail businesses. Furthermore, internal control systems significantly moderate the relationship between innovation capabilities and performance, strengthening the positive effects of these tools (IC*ICS=0.2309, R²=0.090, p=0.000). The findings suggest that retail businesses can enhance operational efficiency, competitiveness, and profitability through the adoption of these technological innovations, provided they are supported by effective internal control mechanisms. This research adds to the growing body of knowledge on retail management in developing economies and contributes to the understanding of the role of digital transformation in retail performance, offering valuable insights for retailers in Nigeria and other developing economies. Keywords: Innovation, Capabilities, Internal Control, Performance, Retail Stores Word Count: 232Item Investment Decisions and Performance of Islamic Insurance Industry in Nigeria (A Case Study of Noor Takaful Insurance Limited Nigeria)(Lead City University, Ibadan, 2024-12) Eyitayo Sunday OGUNLUYITakaful insurance, an Islamic-based cooperative insurance system that operates on the principles of mutual risk-sharing and Shariah compliance, offers an alternative to conventional insurance, especially for the nation’s Muslim population. This study examined investment decisions and performance of Islamic insurance industry in Nigeria (a case study of Noor Takaful insurance limited Nigeria).The study adopted an Ex-post facto research design. The population of the study are customers of NOOR Takaful Insurance company, Lagos. A total number of 400 respondents were selected as the sample size for this study using Taro Yamane formula. A research questionnaire was developed as research instrument for data collection. The study made use of convenience sampling method. The data collected was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0. Findings revealed that investment decision significantly influenced performance of Islamic insurance industry in Nigeria [(R2 = .062; F (1,399) = 26.095; p < .05)]. Accounting for about 6.2% of the variance observable in performance of Islamic insurance industry. Also, public awareness significantly influenced growth of Islamic Insurance companies [(R 2 = .029; F (1,399) = 11.855; p < .05)]. Furthermore, a significant moderating effect of religion on the interaction between investment decision and performance of Islamic Insurance was established with p-value = 0.031. The study recommends the need to increase awareness and understanding of Islamic insurance products among consumers and stakeholders through targeted marketing and educational campaigns. Keywords: Insurance, Investment Decision, Performance, Shariah, Takaful, Word Count: 242Item Technology and Tax Administration in Oyo State Internal Revenue Service(Lead City University, Ibadan, 2024-12) Olayemi Saheed OGUNBODEThis study examines the impact of technology on tax administration effectiveness within the Oyo State Internal Revenue Service (OIRS). The study addresses the challenges posed by traditional manual tax systems, which have historically led to inefficiencies, tax evasion, and revenue losses. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research integrates both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Data were collected through structured questionnaires distributed to key stakeholders, including taxpayers and tax officials, supplemented by in-depth interviews to capture nuanced perspectives. The study utilized a descriptive research design, targeting a stratified sample of taxpayers and administrative staff in Ibadan, Oyo State, ensuring representation across various demographic groups. Data analysis involved statistical tools such as regression analysis to examine the relationships between technological applications—like e-tax filing, online tax payments, and electronic tax verification—and tax administration outcomes, including compliance rates, revenue generation, and administrative efficiency. Findings revealed that technological interventions significantly improve tax compliance and administrative transparency while reducing operational inefficiencies and opportunities for corruption. Specifically, the e-tax payment system was identified as a critical driver for timely revenue collection, while online tax registration enhanced taxpayer engagement and ease of compliance. However, the study identified several limitations. First, the scope was geographically limited to Ibadan, which may affect the generalizability of the findings across other regions of Oyo State or Nigeria. Second, challenges in accessing comprehensive data due to privacy concerns and bureaucratic barriers limited the robustness of some analyses. Lastly, the reliance on self reported data from respondents introduced potential biases, including social desirability bias. The research concludes that adopting robust technology frameworks can transform tax administration in Oyo State, enhancing revenue mobilization and taxpayer satisfaction. It recommends expanded investment in digital infrastructure, stakeholder training, and policy reforms to sustain these gains. Future studies should explore comparative analyses across states and incorporate longitudinal data to assess the long-term impact of technology on tax systems. Keywords: Tax Administration, Technology Adoption, E-Tax System, Revenue Generation, Compliance Efficiency, Oyo State Word count: 307Item Human Capital Management Practices and Performance of Public Servants in Government Agencies in Nigeria(Lead City University, Ibadan, 2024-12) Uchechukwu Sampson OGAHCivil servants play a crucial role in regulating and managing society, making the state of public service a key determinant of societal well-being. However, the declining standards in Nigerian public service have raised concerns, emphasizing the need for strategic human capital management to enhance performance. This study examined the relationship between human capital management practices and civil service performance in selected Nigerian Government Agencies, guided by Human Capital Theory, Equity Theory, and Herzberg's Factor Theory. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. The findings revealed that hiring significantly impacts employee performance across several metrics: commitment (β=0.337, p=.000), efficiency (β=0.294, p=.010), goal attainment (β=0.269, p=.003), and responsiveness (β=0.292, p=.001). Reward systems also showed a significant effect, with strong correlations in goal attainment (R²=0.533) and other performance metrics. Training and development emerged as crucial, significantly influencing commitment (β=0.531, p=.000), efficiency (β=0.528, p=.000), goal attainment (β=0.725, p=.000), and responsiveness (β=0.601, p=.001). Performance appraisal also had a positive impact, with significant effects on commitment (β=0.415, p=.000), efficiency (β=0.384, p=.000), goal attainment (β=0.390, p=.000), and responsiveness (β=0.392, p=.001). Career advancement was particularly influential in enhancing responsiveness (β=0.361, p=.001). The study recommends that the Nigerian public sector should continue to prioritize implementing transparent performance management systems. This includes developing clear performance measures that relate to organizational goals, delivering constructive feedback to staff, and creating opportunities for skill development and career advancement that is based on performance. Keywords: Employment Performance, Training, Employee Reward and Human Capital Management Practices Word Count: 230Item E-banking Service Quality, Customer Trust, and Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Lagos State, Nigeria(Lead City University, Ibadan, 2024-12) Preye Ajumoke ODIOWEIThe financial institution is critical to trade, investment, and economic prosperity of Nigeria. Achieving this benefit is contingent on successful completion of financial intermediation functions. However, industry analyst and scholars have reported that a decline with the operational performance of Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria. Among the issues raised as culpable were the quality of E-Banking Services(EBSQ) and Customer Trust (CT) in the financial intermediation. Hence, this study examined the interaction between EBS and CT as it affect the performance of Deposit Money Banks in Lagos State, Nigeria. A cross- sectional survey research design was adopted. The population was 111.4m banks customer in Lagos State, Nigeria. A sample size of 460 customers was determined through the Cronchan formula. A purposive sampling technique was used to select the bank customers in Lagos State, Nigeria. A validated questionnaire was used to collect data. The Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficients for the constructs ranged from 0.74 to 0.92. The response rate of 85.4% was achieved. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that EBSQ had positive and significant effect on performance (R 2= 0.251, F(1,391)= 130.717, p= 0.000). EBSQ had a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction (Adj R 2= 0.178, F(3,389)= 29.246, p= 0.000). EBSQ had positive and significant effect on operational efficiency (Adj R 2= 0.245, F(3,389)= 43.364, p= 0.000). CT had positive and significant moderating effect on the functional relationship between EBSQ and performance of Deposit Money Banks in Lagos State, Nigeria (ΔR 2= 0.039, ΔF = 21.571, P= 0.000). This study concluded that EBSQ and CT affect the performance of Deposit Money Banks in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study recommended that management of Deposit Money Banks examined in Lagos State, Nigeria should ensure they maximize various dimensions of E-banking services qualities and develop the infrastructure that enable customers to trust bank technology and improve performance. Keywords: Customer trust, E-Banking service quality, Banking Industry, Organisational Performance Word Count: 298Item Strategic Adaptability, Absorptive Capacity and Performance of SMEs in South West Nigeria(Lead City University, Ibadan, 2024-12) Adebayo Muiliyu MUDASIRUThe dynamic business environment in Nigeria poses significant challenges for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), particularly in the Southwestern region, characterized by rapid technological, economic, and market changes. Strategic adaptability; comprising environmental scanning, strategic flexibility, resource allocation, and knowledge acquisition, and absorptive capacity, defined as the ability to identify, assimilate, and exploit external knowledge, are crucial for sustaining SME performance. This study investigates the individual and combined effects of these factors on SME performance metrics, including market share, brand reputation, operational efficiency, and competitive advantage, while assessing the moderating role of absorptive capacity. Adopting a quantitative research design, data was collected from 498 SMEs across Lagos, Ogun, and Oyo States using a validated questionnaire. Regression analyses revealed significant relationships between strategic adaptability dimensions and SME performance. Environmental scanning explained 18.9% of market share variance (Adj. R² = 0.186, F = 78.364, p = 0.000), with a regression coefficient (β = 1.185). Strategic flexibility accounted for 38.2% of brand reputation variance (Adj. R² = 0.389, F = 215.726, p = 0.000, β = 0.524). Resource allocation influenced operational efficiency by 27.2% (Adj. R² = 0.269, F = 132.712, p = 0.000, β = 0.658), while knowledge acquisition explained 38.8% of competitive advantage variance (Adj. R² = 0.386, F = 112.547, p = 0.000, β = 0.763). Absorptive capacity significantly moderated the relationship between strategic adaptability and SME performance (ΔR² = 0.114, ΔF = 38.942, p = 0.000, β = 0.426), amplifying positive outcomes. The study concludes that strategic adaptability drives SME resilience and competitiveness, with absorptive capacity playing a vital role in enhancing these effects. Recommendations include fostering environmental scanning and strategic flexibility, prioritizing resource allocation and knowledge acquisition, and building organizational learning capabilities to strengthen absorptive capacity. These findings contribute to the strategic management literature, offering actionable insights for policymakers and practitioners to optimize SME performance in volatile and resource- constrained environments. Keywords: Strategic Adaptability, Knowledge Acquisition, Absorptive Capacity, SMEs Word Count: 311Item Corporate Governance Practices and Financial Performance of Quoted Consumer Good Companies in Nigeria(Lead City University, Ibadan, 2024-12) Samuel Adegunle MESIOYEThis study examines the impact of corporate governance on the financial performance of quoted consumer goods companies in Nigeria, focusing on key governance elements such as board composition, board diversity, audit committee independence, and board size. Using panel data from 2012 to 2022, the study employs both fixed and random effect regression models to analyze how these corporate governance factors affect two key performance metrics: return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). The Hausman test was conducted to determine the appropriate model for analysis. The findings demonstrate that board composition has a negative and significant effect on ROA of consumer goods companies (P= 0.027<0.05, β1= -0.0229) but have a positive and significant effect on ROE (P= 0.000<0.05, β1= 0.0645) of consumer goods companies in Nigeria. , suggesting that a well-structured and diverse board contributes to improved financial performance in the sector. On the other hand, board size shows a negative but statistically insignificant relationship with ROE and a positive but also insignificant relationship with ROA (P= 0.0496<0.05, β 4= -0.0169 ROA; P= 0.8947>0.05, β 4= -0.0069 ROE). Audit committee independence, another key governance factor, exhibits a negative and insignificant effect on both performance measures (P= 0.282>0.05, β2= -0.0286; P= 0.3167>0.05, β2= 0.1371), indicating that its role may not be as impactful in driving financial success within these companies. The Durbin-Watson diagnostic test reveals no autocorrelation issues in the models, further supporting the robustness of the analysis. Based on the results, the study concludes that certain aspects of corporate governance, especially board composition and diversity, play a crucial role in enhancing the financial performance of consumer goods firms in Nigeria. The study recommends that companies should prioritize board diversity and effective board composition to optimize financial outcomes. Additionally, while audit committees are essential, their role in enhancing financial performance may require further scrutiny and reevaluation to enhance their effectiveness. The study contributes to the growing literature on corporate governance and provides practical insights for firms seeking to improve their governance structures for better financial performance. Keywords: Corporate Governance, Financial Performance, Audit Committee Independence Board Composition, Audit committee Independence, Board Size. Word Count: 291Item Challenges of Government Intervention Fund and SME Survival in Lagos State(Lead City University, Ibadan, 2024-12) Babatunde Musibau Adebayo LAWALThis study examines challenges of government intervention fund and SME survival in Lagos State. Government has introduced several intervention fund over time with little or no impact on survival of Smes, IFC report in 2021 reflects a 4% decline in the no of Smes leading to the need to examine the specific issues in the areas of policy formulation and implementation of Intervention funds. The study was led by Dynamic Capability Theory, Stakeholders Theory, and Survival Base Theory. This study used descriptive survey research. This study includes all 11,643 registered SMEs in Lagos State, as reported by SMEDAN and the National Bureau of Statistics Collaborative survey in 2019. The Taro Yamme sampling size technique was used to choose 387 participants. The researchers targeted small and medium scale enterprises in Lagos State using purposive and incidental sampling approaches to pick 387 respondents from a SMEDAN interactive group. The research instrument was a structured questionnaire. To examine the instrument's reliability, 50 randomly selected respondents were tested separately from the main study participants. This isolation allowed objective instrument internal consistency evaluation. The pilot's Cronbach's Alpha value was 0.816, showing strong item consistency. Objective one identified intervention fund adequacy, repayment terms, and interest rates as significant factors impacting SME survival in Lagos State. However, the analysis suggests that these factors may not be well-suited to the specific needs of SMEs for sustainable survival, supported by a significant regression model (F(1, 385) = 56.943, p < 0.001). Objective two emphasizes the importance of fund accessibility, also supported by a significant model (F(2, 384) = 217.501, p < 0.000). However, objective three suggests awareness of government programs may not directly impact survival (F(1, 385) = .156, p < 0.693). Lastly, objective four highlights inadequate fund monitoring (F(1, 385) = 42.942, p < 0.000). The findings emphasizes the importance of intervention fund conditions in terms of repayment terms, interest rates, eligibility criteria and accessibility, as well as enhanced monitoring methods, in the survival of SMEs in Lagos State. To effectively help SMEs, policymakers should revise fund terms and eligibility requirements and improve monitoring through the use of special purpose vehicles with specialization in management of SMEs to optimize fund distribution, utilization and recovery. Keywords: Government Intervention Fund, SMEs Survival, Intervention Fund Issues, Monitoring Adequacy, Appropriateness, SMES Profitability, Liquidity Word Count: 300Item Marketing Capabilities, Orientation and Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Lagos State, Nigeria(Lead City University, Ibadan, 2024-12) Adebola Godwin LASISISMEs account for the majority of business in most emerging economies; they are responsible for the majority of employment. Financial literacy and financial management have gotten policymakers and academic attention in wealthy nations, but there hasn't been much effort in underdeveloped countries, like Nigeria. The study examined the effect of marketing capabilities on the performance of small and medium Enterprises in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study anchored on Dynamic Capabilities Theory and Relationship Marketing Theory. The population for this study consists of directors of SMEs registered under NASSI Lagos chapter. The association has the following sectors: manufacturing, processing, mining, service industries, and others with 11667 registered SMEs. The sample size for this research work was determined using Morgan’s Sample Size Determinant Table to determine 378 sample sizes. Descriptive research design was adopted, with Simple random sampling techniques used to select the respondents for this study. Collected data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analysed the data collected. The formulated hypotheses were analyzed using Partial Least Square (PLS) regression analysis to know the causal and direct effect and influence of the independent variables on the dependent variable and moderating variable. The results confirmed a significant relationship between marketing capabilities and the performance of small and medium Enterprises in Lagos State, Nigeria (Market Sensing R 2 0.590, Employee Performance R 2 0.018, environmental performance R 2 0.283, innovative performance R 2 0.052., moderation interaction 0.089). The study holds practical implications for businesses aiming to optimize their marketing strategies and resources for enhanced performance in the competitive business landscape. Therefore, SMEs are encouraged to prioritize strategic improvements in service delivery. This may involve adopting sustainable practices, enhancing customer satisfaction through efficient service delivery, and integrating environmental considerations into business operations. Keywords: Marketing Capabilities, Marketing Orientation, Performance Small & Medium Enterprises Word Count: 291