Department of Politics and International Relations
Permanent URI for this collection
Browse
Recent Submissions
Item Gendering Farmers-Herders Crisis in West Africa: A Study of Human Security in Nigeria and Ghana(Lead City University, Ibadan, 2024-12) Temitope Oluwaseun OLUYEMIThe farmers-herders crisis in West Africa, particularly in Ghana and Nigeria, has been primarily analyzed through economic, environmental, and security lenses. However, a gendered perspective reveals the unique vulnerabilities and roles of women in these conflicts. This study explores gendering farmers-herders crisis in West Africa, with a narrowed scope on Human Security in Nigeria and Ghana. The farmers- herders’ crisis in Nigeria and Ghana has brought about the loss of lives and has contributed to deepening gender-based violence in Nigeria and Ghana, therefore an understanding of the differentiated impacts of the crisis remains significant. While the main aim of this research is the exploration of gender dimension of the farmers- herders’ crisis in relation to the human security in Nigeria and Ghana, the study adopted the descriptive research design as well as primary and secondary method of data collection and subsequently analysed via descriptive method of Analysis. Similarly the research adopted the relative deprivation theory and eco-violence theory for the study. The study finds that the root causes of the farmers-herders’ crisis in Ghana and Nigeria are similar and the factors such as climate-induced migration which has seen the influx of Fulani herders from the northern regions of both countries to the southern regions in search of pasture of their cattle. The study concludes that gender dynamics intensify the human security impacts of the farmers-herders crisis in Ghana and Nigeria. The study recommends that government of both countries should adopt a more proactive stance towards the problem such as instituting a working stakeholder’s forum where both farmers and herders are able to effectively communicate the challenges they both face and come to a compromise on some of the challenging issues. This has been aptly captured as social capital. Keywords: Crises, Gender, Farmer, Herders, Human Security, West Africa Word Count: 287Item Pastoral Leadership Criticism Assessment in the Redeemed College of Missions Ede, Osun State, Nigeria(Lead City University, Ibadan, 2024-12) Oluwaseun Stephen OLUOKUNIn leadership positions, criticism is unavoidable, but many leaders reject criticism with every cell of their body. It can make or mar a leader’s life, depending on how it is handled. Most recently, several literatures have been written on the administrative life of church leaders. However, scholarly research has not been adequately carried out on the criticism of pastoral leadership in the Redeemed College of Missions, Ede. Five research questions were raised and answered. The study used the descriptive research design with the B. F Skinner Theory of Reinforcement as the theoretical basis. The purposive and simple random technique was used to select 150 participants. Nevertheless, only one hundred and forty-one (141) were received due to insufficient responses by the online respondents. Data were collected with a questionnaire (both physical and virtual) titled: Criticism of Pastoral Leadership in the Redeemed College of Mission Ededimeji, Ede, Osun State. Analysis was centred on simple descriptive statistics in which a frequency table was used for data analysis. The study discovered that Christian leaders’ responses to criticism are characterized by both hostility and calmness, but how criticism is framed usually influences the leader’s interpretation and responses. It was revealed that criticism has both positive and negative effects on Christian leaders, which can move an organization forward if handled correctly. The study concluded that there are some possible solutions to the effects of criticism on pastoral leadership. Leaders should admit that criticism is hurtful, understand that it is Biblical and use it to enhance/strengthen Relationships. Hence, it was recommended that the Leaders in every organization should develop a strong mindset to deal effectively with criticism and use it as a vehicle for creativity and innovation. Keywords: Pastoral Leadership, Criticism of Pastoral Leadership, Pastor, Redeemed College of Missions. Word Count: 284Item Influence of NGOs on the Control of Early Marriage in Borno State (2018-2022)(Lead City University, Ibadan, 2024-12) Oluwamayowa Oyebolatito GBADEBOThis is a Study of the Influence of NGOs in the control of early marriage in Borno State. The study specifically examined the nature of Programmes being implemented by the NGOs to address early marriage; the extent to which early marriage happens in Borno State; the influence of the NGOs programmes on the fight against early marriage and the challenges faced by the NGOs in their interventions programme towards early marriage and gender-based violence in Borno State for the period of 2018 to 2022. The study investigates the influence of NGOs intervention programmes for combating early marriage in Borno State by the use of both quantitative and qualitative data in analysis to get in-depth evaluation of the NGOs interventions programmes particularly in Borno State where there was no exact study on this topic in Borno State. The evaluative study design was adopted with questionnaire and interview as the research instrument used to collect our data. The population for this study consisted of all the registered NGOs carrying out intervention programmes for combating early marriage and gender-based violence in Borno State. The researcher utilized the purposive- sampling techniques in sampling a total of 80 respondents 20 each from 4 NGOs. The descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution tables, chart, percentage and 4 scale criteria mean of 2.5 were used for the research questions analysis with the aid of SPSS package. The criterion means scores of 3.13, 3.12, 3.16 and 2.74 which are above the 2.5 criterion mean cut off; as well as the content analysis result of the interview presented in the flowchart led to the acceptance of the position of the respondents that multi sectoral programme approach, promoting gender equality, community interventions and media interventions programmes function well in the fight against sexual, emotional and psychological, physical and socio-economic violence. The result also showed that while early marriage is prevalence in Borno state, the intervention programmes have been checkmating it to a reasonable extent despite the observed challenges. There should be a deliberate support from government, donor agencies and other stakeholder so as to enhance improvement in the nature of programmes being implemented by the NGOs to cub early marriage. Key Words: Boko Haram, Intervention, Gender, Programmes, NGO Word Counts: 276Item Comparative Analysis of Early and Contemporary Christain Mission Works on Socio- Economic Development of Kudeti, Area, Ibadan, Nigeria(Lead City University, Ibadan, 2024-12) Olukunle Gabriel ABIOLAIbadan is cosmopolitan city influenced in many ways by imported religions. The advent of Christianity and church planting in Ibadan has been prominent in many books. However, this thesis aims to compare the works and achievements of the early missionaries and the contemporary missions in Ibadan as they affect the socio-economic development of Christians in the city. The study is qualitative historical research based on interview sessions, visitation to historical places, and document analysis. African Traditional Religion was the initial practiced religion of the people of the city. The Islamic religion was already on the ground before the Christian missionaries came to Ibadan. The advent of Christianity in Ibadan was traced to the Christian Missionary Society (CMS) (Anglican Church) and other mainline churches like Methodists, Catholics, Baptists, Salvation Army. Rev. David Hinderer founded the first church at Ibadan – St. David Anglican Church Kudeti. The CMS (now the Church of Nigeria [Anglican Communion]) established the first church and schools in Ibadan. The Christian converts were the early successful people both educationally and technologically. It was discovered that there were great impacts of the early missions on socio-economic development of Ibadan in comparison to the contemporary missions in Ibadan. Some of these developments are educational, agricultural, political, and commercial. The current expansion of Christianity in Nigeria, which is ongoing through the daily springing up of new churches started in the early 1990's.Most founders of contemporary churches were members of the mainline churches. It is, therefore, recommended that evangelization must be taken seriously by the church and given a priority that is absolute. Contemporary missionaries should be focused and be resolute to do the mission work just like the early missionaries did. Contemporary missionaries and other Christians should consciously make efforts to contribute more to the socio-economic development of Ibadan city. The result of the investigation carried out in this study are divided into two parts. The first part deals with the demographic information of the respondents while the second parts deals with research questions generated in this study. The finding shows that there was lack of Education, Social and Economic Development in Kudeti Ibadan before the advent of Christian Mission. Paganism and other form of religious beliefs was popular in Ibadan before the advent of Christian mission. It was that there was great impacts of the early mission works. The contemporary mission only put their ideology on prosperity, signs and wonders. It was discovered that the early mission works greatloy affected the life if the people social and economicals. It is also affected their spiritually because they were taught how to read and writer. It was discovered that early mission works exerted great influence on the social-economic development of Kudeti area, ibadan more than the contemporary mission. The early mission changes the religious belief of the people that were converted to Christianity. The cultural life were also affected, they can read and write, they were taught simple arithmetic and they were trained in vocational work. In the recently, youth now preferred contemporary churches to othordox churches. Keywords: Early Mission, Contemporary Mission Works, Social-Economic Development, Ibadan Metropolis Word count: 502Item Transformational Leadership Dimensions as Determinants of Equipping Baptist Church Leaders towards Evangelism in Oyo Town, Nigeria(Lead City University, Ibadan, 2024-12) Idowu Oladele OKUNLOLALeadership is pivotal for any organization to fulfill the purpose of establishing it. The church exists primarily for evangelism and it takes manifestation of transformational leadership dimensions by the church leaders to produce desired results. Baptist churches in Oyo Town needs transformational leadership dimensions of equipping church leaders towards evangelism. Therefore, this study examined transformational leadership dimensions as determinants for equipping Baptist church leaders towards evangelism in Oyo Town, Nigeria. Transformational theory and human capacity theories anchored the study. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. Two sets of instrument were designed and used. The total sample used for this study was two hundred and forty (240) respondents for questionnaire and twenty (20) respondents for in-depth interview. Split-half method of calculating reliability coefficient was used to check the reliability of the research instrument which yielded 0.88. Data were collected and analyzed using simple percentage. Findings revealed that church leaders among Baptist churches serve as role model, engage team spirit, encourage nontraditional thinking, and assist individual followers to perform assigned task. Also, there was an improved work performance among church leaders and followers. Again, some of the church leaders lead the church members to team up with other churches for evangelism. Mission mobilization and partnership, street preaching, social ministry and community development are some of the strategies used for equipping Baptist church leaders towards evangelism. Prayerlessness is the leading challenge facing evangelism among Baptist churches in Oyo Town. Therefore, the study concludes that transformational leadership dimensions serve as determinants for equipping Baptist church leaders towards evangelism in Oyo town, Nigeria. This study recommends that Baptist church leaders in Oyo town should acquire more knowledge about transformational leadership dimensions for equipping church leaders towards evangelism. Keywords: Transformational Leadership, Evangelism, Determinants, Baptist Churches Word Count: 289Item Women’s Participation in Politics: Implications for United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 2019 - 2023(Lead City University, Ibadan, 2024-12) Matthias Akaniyene FRANCISAchieving gender equality is key for sustainable development and ethically imperative for human rights, dignity, and capabilities of women’s sustainable right. Redressing the disproportionate impact of economic, social, and environmental shocks and stresses on women and girls, which has undermined the enjoyment of their human rights and their vital roles in sustaining their families and communities, is also key for sustainable development. However, women's participation in Nigerian politics has been minimal and has serious implications for the attainment of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 5 and 10. This study investigated women’s participation in politics and its implication for the achievement of the UNSDG 5, and 10. examined the key indicators of women's involvement in Nigerian politics, factors militating against participation of women in politics, current extent of women’s participation in politics, and implications of SDG 5, and 10. The study employed liberal feminism theory, modernity theory, and modernisation theory. The research employed qualitative method of data collection and analysis. The study finds that women's political participation in elective and appointive roles remain at 6.7 %, behind the Global Average of 22.5%, Africa Average of 23.4 %. The study recommends the implementation of legal funds to support female politicians in contesting any sort of electoral misconduct at all stages of the political process, and the implementation of a quota system across all levels of government. The study concludes that women’s participation in politics can be improved if the governance system insists on the global 35% affirmative action. Keywords: UNSDG, Women, Politics, Goals 5 and 10, Gender Equality Word Count: 247Item Leadership Development and Retention Strategies as Determinants for Sustainable Growth in Foursquare Gospel Church, Ikorodu Axis, Lagos State, Nigeria 2013-2022(Lead City University, Ibadan, 2024-12) John Aremu OLARINDELeadership development in either secular or church organization is a crucial factor that determines the prosperity and continuity of such organization beyond its current leadership. The level of competency of church leadership determines the capacity of retention strategies that will enhance the growth of the church. So, Foursquare Gospel Church, Ikorodu Axis, Lagos State, Nigeria’s growth needs intentional leadership development to march up with the inflow of the people to the people to Ikorodu region. Therefore, this study examine leadership Development and retention Strategies as determinants for sustainable growth of Foursquare Gospel Church, Ikorodu Axis, Lagos State, Nigeria from 2013-2022. Erick H. Erikson’s developmental theory and Donald McGavran’s Indigenous Independence theory anchored the study. It adopted descriptive survey research design. Sample involved 295 church ministers and leaders among the leadership of Foursquare Gospel Church, Ikorodu Axis, Lagos State, Nigeria. Two self-designed validated instruments were used for data gathering namely a structured questionnaire of 295 copies and a semi structured interview guide of 12 copies. Findings revealed that majority of the leadership development programmes were found to be accessible (x=2.76) and of valuable, also majority of the leaders were highly involved in the training (x=2.70). Furthermore, most potent membership retention strategies were Sunday school (x=2.9; SD=.233) church arms (x=2.88; SD=.324) and house fellowship (x=281; SD=.421). Lastly, finding revealed that effect of leadership development and retention strategies on growth of Foursquare Gospel Church, Ikorodu Axis, Lagos State, Nigeria is minimal (x=2.13). Therefore the study concludes that leadership development and retention strategies lead to sustainable growth in Foursquare Gospel Church, Ikorodu Axis, Lagos State, Nigeria. The study recommends that Foursquare Gospel Church, Ikorodu Axis, Lagos State, Nigeria should intentionally intensify more efforts on leadership development programmes and retention strategies activities at all levels for greater growth. Keywords: Leadership, leadership development, retention strategies, sustainable church growth, Foursquare Gospel Church. Word Count: 293Item Nigeria Federalism and Local Government Autonomy in Ibarapa Central Local Government, Oyo State(Lead City University, Ibadan, 2024-12) Gift Kayikunmi ILORIhe power of the federal government concerns more of the exclusive and concurrent of which local government is not part. Local government under such arrangement derives its power from Constitution which supposedly guarantees its powers; it is unlike a parliamentary situation where local governments can be created and dissolved through an Act of Parliament. Be that as it may, the fact is that whether Local Governments are guaranteed by the Constitution or an Act of Parliament, the Local government seems to be non–performing or too subservient in nature is a manifestation of the manipulation or deviation of this relationship by the States to their own advantage, Meanwhile, besides funding, there are other constraints on local government autonomy and these include among other things, inadequate planning, corruption and mismanagement, lack of autonomy, The general aim of this study is to examine federalism and local government autonomy in Ibarapa Central Local Government areas, Oyo State. Assessing public perceptions of local government autonomy in Nigeria, through Ibarapa Central Local Government Instance, reasons for local governments' lack of operational autonomy and the impact of Lack of non-operational local government autonomy through the use of description of questionnaire as a medium of data collection. The research discovered that autonomy to the local government will bring development to the grassroots level and provide sustainable development for generations to come. The research recommended that federal government should do everything within its power to ensures that local government are given autonomy for massive development in our local areas. Keywords: Federalism, Local Government and Autonomy Word Count: 251Item Parental Styles and Adolescents’ Involvement in Internet Fraud in Ede South Local Government, Ede. Osun State, Nigeria.(Lead City University, Ibadan, 2024-12) FRANCIS Bamijoko GladysThis study examined the growing issue of internet fraud in Nigeria, particularly among adolescents, and its detrimental effects on society. It focused on the prevalence of internet fraud, the involvement of young individuals, and the negative consequences for the nation's reputation and economy. The introduction emphasised the importance of understanding how parenting styles shaped adolescent behaviour, values, and involvement in internet fraud. The problem statement outlined the societal challenges posed by internet fraud, including the erosion of trust, economic damage, and the potential breakdown of law and order, while highlighting the conflict between internet fraud and the ‘omoluabi’ culture of Southwestern Nigeria, which valued honesty and integrity. The research aimed to explore the relationship between parental roles and adolescent involvement in internet fraud, particularly examining how authoritative, permissive, and authoritarian parenting styles influenced adolescents' exposure to and likelihood of engaging in such activities. The significance of the study lay in its potential to inform policy development and interventions aimed at preventing adolescent involvement in internet fraud in Nigeria, offering insights for community-based solutions. The scope centred on parents with children aged 12-19 in Ede South Local Government Area, Osun State, a region with a high rate of internet fraud involving universities and secondary schools. Key terms like internet fraud, advanced fee fraud, adolescent, parent, and parenting were defined for clarity. Keywords: Internet fraud, Nigeria, Adolescence, Parenting style, Societal impact, Omoluabi culture, Research Objectively, Prevention, Ede South. Word Count: 275Item Influence of Missiological Training and Trainers’ Competencies on Outcomes among Missionaries in Southwest, Nigeria(Lead City University, Ibadan, 2024-12) Dotun ADEBOYEGlobally, missionaries are supposed to receive prerequisite training to help them navigate their mission engagement. However, some still operate as if they are sent out unprepared. Despite some empirical evidence on missiological training and practices among Christian organisations in Nigeria, there seems to be little attention paid to the influence of mission education on trainers’ competencies and training outcomes.Therefore, this study investigated influence of missiological training (MT) and trainers’ competencies (TC) on training outcomes (TO) among missionary institutions in Southwest, Nigeria. The study adopted “Know-Be-Do” Training Outcomes Framework (TOF) and anchored on Cognitive Learning Theory and Theory of Performance. The study adopted Exploratory Sequential Research Design whereby, Content Analysis Research Design was deployed using thematic analysis of the missions training curriculum using Missiological Training Curriculum Coding Sheet (MTCC). Thereafter, Descriptive Survey Research Design was adopted using Trainers’ Competence and Outcome Questionnaire (TCOQ) r = .864. Population of the study involves all mission training institutions and trainers, affiliated to Nigeria Evangelical Missions Association (NEMA) with a total sample of 82 mission trainers selected from five NEMA members. Findings revealed harmonised patterns of mission curriculum including core mission courses; church relations, linguistic orientation, cultural anthropology, cross cultural communication, inter-personal relationships, biblical and theological knowledge, leadership, evangelism, discipleship and missions, spiritual life/warfare, general language learning/studies; principles of education and ICT literacies; curriculum development, emotional health, community development and field practical experience. Again, the curriculum of all the selected mission training institutions are in compliant with the expected outcomes and essential attributes of “Know-Be-Do” TOF, while majority (32.9%) of the mission trainers are Master's degree holders reflecting a growing commitment to missiological education in Nigeria. Further, findings revealed that majority (95.1%) of the trainers are familiar with basic ICT and thereby digital competent; also influence of MT on keeping trainers updated on global missiological activities, thinking and writing (65.9%); understanding local political and social situations (62.2%), all recorded high significant ratings. Again, respondents exhibited positive perception regarding competencies in teaching skills, and ICT knowledge (76.8%); curriculum development (74.4%), and correct understanding of diverse contexts of effective missionary training (74.4%); Lastly, MT significantly influences TO (rs (8) =0.228, p = 0.040), likewise, TC in curriculum development, teaching skills and ICT knowledge significantly influence MTO. (rs (8) = .402, p = .001). The study concludes that MT in the selected institutions is Know-Be Do” TOF compliant and recommend that field missionaries should be encouraged to step aside for a while to acquire further education with enhanced ICT training. Keywords: Missiological Training, Trainers’ Competencies, Training Outcomes, Trained missionary, Missionary trainer. Word Count: 411Item Biafran Agitation: Analysis and Implications for Nigeria(Lead City University, Ibadan, 2024-12)This study focused on the resurgence of Biafra agitation and its implication for Nigeria. The research examined the agitations effect on regional and national security, impending political and economic catastrophe in the southeast regions, and Nigeria’s preparedness and capacity to resolve the protracted dissidence. This study sought to fill a gap in research on understanding radical secession, ethnic sentiments and trigger. Hence, this research utilized the primordialism and instrumentalism theories. The research adopted the qualitative research methodology, utilizing the descriptive design. The researcher using purposive sampling generated primary data through interviews conducted with 10 older respondents and historical narrations from civil war survivors. Secondary data detailing past incident, circumstances and occasions were broadly collated and analyzed using descriptive content analysis. The study thus highlighted after careful analysis that the Igbo people are marginalized, Biafran agitators require autonomy and inclusivity in all spheres of Nigeria’s political, economic, social and developmental road map. The cultural and ethnic indifference of the Igbos constantly triggers the memories of the civil war, resulting in unrest. The research recommends that Igbo people should be aware of their tenacious sense of community in partnership with the Nigerian government should encourage a high-level Peace and Reconciliation module. Strengthening of weak institutions, political inclusion, and economic restructuring are identified as some of the measures that could contribute to addressing the conflict. Keywords: Agitation, Biafra, National Security, Reconciliation, Resurgence. Word Count: 222Item Investigating the Federal Government Peacebuilding Initiatives in the Niger Delta, Nigeria (2013-2023)(Lead City University, Ibadan, 2024-12)This study delved into the Federal Government of Nigeria's peacebuilding initiatives in the Niger Delta region from 2010 – 2020. The study examines key peacebuilding strategies, including the implementation of the Presidential Amnesty Program (PAP), infrastructural development projects, and community engagement initiatives. The Presidential Amnesty Program, introduced in 2009 and extending through the decade, sought to disarm, demobilize, and reintegrate ex-militants into society, offering them vocational training, education, and stipends. The study hinged its theoretical framework on democratic peace and conflict transformation theories. The research design was qualitative method while the sample size were key informants and beneficiaries of the amnesty programmes. These initiatives aimed to reduce violence and foster stability, albeit with mixed outcomes. While some militants reintegrated successfully, challenges such as corruption, mismanagement, and uneven implementation hampered the program's effectiveness. Infrastructural projects, spearheaded by the Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC) and other government bodies, focused on improving transportation, healthcare, and education in the region. These efforts aimed to address the socio-economic roots of the conflict by providing better living conditions and opportunities for the local population. However, issues of corruption and inefficiency often undermined these initiatives, leading to sporadic and uneven development. Community engagement played a crucial role in the peacebuilding process, with the government and various stakeholders fostering dialogue and collaboration with local leaders, civil society organizations, and international partners. These efforts aimed to build trust, address grievances, and promote inclusive development. Despite notable strides, the study concludes that peacebuilding in the Niger Delta remains an ongoing challenge. Persistent issues such as corruption, inadequate implementation of programs, and deep-rooted socio-economic disparities continue to hinder lasting peace and development in the region. Future efforts must prioritize transparency, accountability, and holistic approaches to address the complex dynamics of the Niger Delta conflict. Keywords: Peacebuilding, Initiatives, Niger Delta, Nigeria Word Count: 292Item Pastoral Leadership Styles as Correlates of Church Planting in the Redeemed Christian Church of God, Osun Province-9, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria(Lead City University, Ibadan, 2024-12) Abisoye ALAGBALAThe greatness and reach of an organization is presumed to be consequent upon the influence the leadership is capable of deploying in achieving set goals. This is even so in church circles, especially as the success gained in church planting efforts is a product of the leadership styles and how it operates. However, inadequate leadership can result in poorly formulated strategies that impede the establishment of thriving churches so also is wrong location amongst others. Hence, the need to investigate Pastoral leadership styles as correlates of church planting in the Redeemed Christian Church of God, Osun Province-9, Ede. This study adopted descriptive research design; the population includes church pastors who are engaged in church planting in the Redeemed Christian Church of God Osun Province-9, Ede. A stratified random sampling technique was used in this study to sample 100 respondents with the majority 54 (54%) being males. The instrument used for data gathering was a reliable and duly validated questionnaire. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The theories used in the study were the Great Man theory and the Structural-Functional theory. Summary of findings in the study revealed that majority of Pastors in this Province lack ability for clear visions, servant leadership, team building and long-term goalsetting. Findings also revealed that they are not risk takers and passionate which makes church planting and community interactions difficult, not maximizing digital technology during worship sessions is also predominant. Lastly, community building, training, and local outreach initiatives are not top priority. Considering the need for successful church planting, there is need to work on the aforementioned deficits, if Church planting must thrive. This study recommends that the approach to Church planting efforts be reworked to maximize the gains so far attained. Keywords: Church, Church planting, Leadership, Leadership styles Word Count: 286Item Terrorism and Global Security in the 21 st Century (2011 – 2022)(Lead City University, Ibadan, 2024-12) Omolara Eunice AKINLABITerrorism is a global phenomenon and it has many implications on the security of the contemporary world. The impact of terrorism is more than the immediate consequences of an attack, it has ripple effect on all aspects of life such as economic, social, psychological, political and others. Economic factors such as poverty, political factors and social/psychological factors are major causes of terrorism. Governments in various nations are committing so much resources in order to combat the menace especially since the turn it has taken after 9/11 attacks on the United States. In explaining this study, Relative Deprivation and Grievance Theory, Social Identity Theory, Rationality and Rational Choice Theory are used. Secondary data were utilised to gather information for the study. The study found out that historical grievances and simmering resentments; anger and frustration among marginalized groups; digital age and social media are some of the drivers of terrorism. The study concluded that addressing terrorism requires a comprehensive and coordinated approach, demanding cooperation between governments, civil society organisations, and other stakeholders, with a focus on promoting peace, stability, and economic development in regions affected by terrorism. Effective and comprehensive countermeasures, creating and strengthening international cooperation, addressing the root causes of terrorism are some of the recommendations the study made. Keywords: Terrorism, Security, 21st Century, and Globalisation. Word Count: 208Item Conflict Resolution and Second Track Diplomacy Efforts in Global Politics: The Cases of the Turkish-Cypriots and Greek-Cypriots of Cyprus(Lead City University, Ibadan, 2024-12) Dare Isaac AKINDOYINThis research study makes an evaluation of conflict resolution and second track diplomacy initiations on the Cyprus conflict. While scholars have made attempted to use what is technically called first track diplomacy on the aforementioned conflict, literature search has shown that the use of first track diplomacy as an instrument of conflict resolution to bring the conflict between the Greek Cypriots and the Turkish Cypriots of Cyprus to an end has substantially failed. Thus, the main objective of the study is to ascertain the extent to which the conflict resolution via second track diplomacy initiation can resolve the Turkish Cypriots and Greek Cypriots of Cyprus conflict. Adopting the descriptive research design as well as primary and secondary method of data collection and subsequently analysed via thematic method of data analysis, the research stressed the need for application of track-two diplomacy to achieve a successful conflict resolution in the Turkish Cypriots and Greek Cypriots conflict. The study discovered that the adoption of mediation and network theory of International Relations can champion the cause of conflict resolution in the Cyprus conflict, since the centrality of these theories posit that third- party actors can establish a strong resolution process in conflict and aid track-one diplomacy’s success. The study concludes that informal actors holds a pivotal position in influencing collaboration, and tackling the underlying factors that contribute to the Turkish Cypriots and Greek Cypriots conflict as it will aid reconciliation and understanding between the two communities. The study recommends the adoption of a network-mediation methodology for the resolution of Cyprus conflict. The present methodology amalgamates the principles of network theory and mediation theory, underscoring and emphasising the significance of third-party and informal actors in conflict resolution cases in global politics. Keywords: Second Track Diplomacy, Conflict Resolution, Turkish-Cypriots, Greek-Cypriots Word Count: 285Item Cooperativism, Administrative Law, and Sustainable Development in Nigeria(Lead City University, Ibadan, 2024-12) Ajibola Anthony AKANJIIn this thesis, the basic argument is that sustainable development in Nigeria has been anchored unto the government and elite classes, to the substantial exclusion of the commons. On the converse, attempts by the commons to address the situation has been largely solitary, thus sub- optimally utilised. These realities account for the slow pace of implementation of sustainability programme in Nigeria. The circumstance is similar with many of the state of the global south. This thesis review of relevant literature straddles public administration and law, and interviewed some relevant stakeholders. Although premised on public administration, this thesis assumed a multi-disciplinary character, premised on the inclusive development theory. Nigeria was adopted as the primary research locale. Literature were reviewed, and the fieldworks included the interview of relevant stakeholders within and beyond Nigeria. The results and recommendations were conveyed with the descriptive method. Addressing the problem comes with the imperative that the commons form solidarities which are best encapsulated in the cooperatives. However, the Nigerian cooperative movement as currently constituted is disempowered by its enabling policy and legal frameworks, hence sub-optimally utilized. Therefore, an imperative to review and develop both the policy and legal frameworks on Nigerian cooperatives. Popperian philosophical thoughts were proffered, to supplement current Nigerian cooperative philosophy. Furthermore, remedial was proffered to the legal framework with the recommendation of a first tier international legal framework in the form of a universal charter for cooperatives which is fashioned after the universal charter on human and peoples’ rights. The core idea behind this thesis is to support the implementation of sustainable development through citizens’ solidarity, and citizens – government solidarity. Thus, this thesis represent an instrument for development solidarities anchored unto the cooperative model for public administration. Keywords: Administrative law, administrative policies, Co-operatives, Co-operative law, Sustainability Word Count: 283Item Appraisal of Transformational Leadership Style as a Strategy for Human Resources Management towards Sustainable Growth in Oyo Baptist Conference(Lead City University, Ibadan, 2024-12) Grace Olufunke AFOLABIThe study examined an appraisal of transformational leadership style as a strategy for human resources management towards sustainable growth in Oyo Baptist Conference. Previous studies revealed that some pastors in churches and church organisations are well-educated in spiritual formation but lack administrative aspects and, therefore, face administrative challenges. However, this study explored how transformational leadership can be utilised in managing human resources for sustainable church growth in Oyo Baptist Conference. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The sample size was 300 respondents, comprising fifty (50) pastors, fifty (50) deacons, fifty (50) church workers, and one hundred and fifty (150) church members. They were purposefully selected randomly from fifty (50) Baptist churches from ten (10) selected Baptist Associations out of twenty-two (22) in Oyo Baptist Conference whose responses were subjected to descriptive statistics. The research instruments used for this study were a self-structured questionnaire and an interview guide administered to some leaders in the selected churches. The findings revealed the negative effects of mismanagement of human resources in churches of Oyo Baptist Conference. These effects include youth migration to other denominations (86.7%), reduction in numerical growth (89.7%), stunted growth (88.4%), lack of resource personnel (86%), delay in goal actualisation (94.7%) and so on. The study revealed that the means to manage human resources for sustainable church growth in churches of Oyo Baptist Conference are: utilising recognition system for church workers (96.6%), church workers review and evaluations (87.4%), involving members in church activities (97.7%), effective delegation of duties (91.7%), leadership development (86.7%), accountability (82.6%) and continuous mentoring (86.7%). Transformational leadership approach affords everyone involved in the organisation to move at the same pace and get the goals and the missions of the organisation achieved. The study, therefore, recommends that churches in the conference ensure that human resources are adequately motivated by praise and honest appreciation. Keywords: Human Resources, Management, Baptist Churches, Transformational Leadership Word Count: 307Item Agriculture-based Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Nigeria: Challenges and Opportunities in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2012-2022(Lead City University, Ibadan, 2024-12) Adekunle Julius TOLUJUAgro-based Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Nigeria play a pivotal role in the nation’s economic development, in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) from 2012-2022. These enterprises, which operate across various agricultural value chains, significantly contribute to food security, employment, and income generation, thereby supporting SDG 1 (No Poverty) and SDG 2 (Zero Hunger). The study adopted systems theory which is based on the belief that individuals do not perate in isolation, but rather grow and develop in interaction with their physical and social environment; and theories of agricultural development which posited that agriculture is a multi- sectoral business that support and promote positive change in the rural and urban areas. The research design was descriptive while the population were the micro, small and medium entrepreneurs in southwest Nigeria consisting of Oyo, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Lagos and Ekiti States. Sample size was purposively random, electing sixty MSMEs from each state. Questionnaire and unstructured interview were used to gather data, with a reliability value of 0.71. Statistical analysis was used to analyse the data obtained. Findings showed that access to finance remains a critical barrier, as many MSMEs struggle to secure loans due to stringent collateral and high-interest rates; majority of these agribusinesses are subsistence and barely catered to the basic needs of the owners; lack of storage facilities, outdated technology, significant post-harvest losses, and limited market access were major problems. In conclusion, strategic interventions and support can unlock the potential to drive and achieve the SDGs by 2030. The study recommended that capacity-building initiatives and technical training programs can equip MSME owners with necessary skills and knowledge, fostering innovation and productivity; Government and private sector collaboration in creating favourable policies and providing financial incentives can further support the growth and sustainability of agro-based MSMEs. Keywords: Agriculture-based Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Nigeria, Challenges and Opportunities in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Economic development, Nigeria Word Count: 296Item Perception of Female Missionaries on Gender and Marital Considerations in The Redeemed Christian Church of God Mission Engagements in Nigeria(Lead City University, Ibadan, 2024-12) Oluwatoyin Jacob ADEBOWALESeveral reports of disparate treatment of trained female missionaries based on gender and marital considerations resulting to unemployment, limited opportunities for education, or participation in leadership and decision-making processes inspired this study. This study therefore examined the perception, attitude, and experiences of female missionaries with regards to their gender and marital considerations in The Redeemed Christian Church of God (RCCG) Mission Engagements. Grounded in the Intersectional Feminism Theory, it contributed to the dearth of literature, or studies, on the experience of female missionaries in Nigeria. Descriptive survey research design was adopted, and 69 respondents were randomly selected from the estimated population of 250 trained female missionaries across Nigeria. A validated questionnaire, administered through Google Forms, was used to gather data on demographics and specific research questions. Findings revealed; both gender and marital considerations have statistically significant and positive effects on the mission engagement of female missionaries within RCCG, explaining approximately 5.5% and 4.1% of variances respectively, but non-significant p-values (Fisher’s Exact Test p=1.000 for gender; p=0.152 for marital considerations) call for caution when interpreting their impact. It was concluded that female missionaries in RCCG show high level of mission engagement and therefore positively perceive gender and marital considerations. The study recommends that the Church should expose senior pastors to missions training, emphasize the protection of female missionaries’ psyche and integrity, and ensure incentives for female missionaries sacrificing their marital status for Mission Engagement. This comprehensive understanding can inform organizational strategies within RCCG and similar mission-oriented entities. Keywords: Female Missionaries, Gender Considerations, Intersectionality, Marital Considerations, Mission Engagement, Redeemed Christian Church of God. Word Count: 247Item Dynamics of Demography and Nigeria’s Foreign Policy under the Administration of President Muhammadu Buhari (2015-2023)(Lead City University, Ibadan, 2024-12) Teslim Ademola ADEBIMPEThe research work was carried out to investigate the relationship between dynamics of demography and Nigeria’s foreign policy under the administration of former President Muhammadu Buhari (2015 – 2023). While it was often implied in existing literature that Nigeria’s foreign policy engagement has not contributed meaningfully to her development, using intermestic realist theory, this study was done to bring to the fore how demographic considerations influenced the conduct of Nigeria’s foreign policy under the administration and how the country can benefit from its foreign policy engagements through her demography. The mixed research design was adopted combining both the quantitative and the qualitative methods. Data was gathered through in-depth unstructured interview and the use of questionnaires. Data from the in-depth interview was analysed using content analysis while data from the questionnaire was analysed using simple percentages, table and bar charts. From the analysis, it was shown that while there was no major shift in the principle guiding the conduct of Nigeria’s foreign policy under the administration of President Muhammadu Buhari, certain demographic considerations such as age, migration, diaspora issues, quality and quantity of the population influenced the conduct of Nigeria’s foreign policy. Also due to domestic demographic considerations, issues such as the closure of Nigeria’s borders and the signing of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AFCFTA) constituted intermestic affairs as the deliberations behind them were rooted in the domestic considerations. It was therefore concluded that demographic considerations influenced the conduct of Nigeria’s foreign policy under the administration of President Buhari (2015 – 2023). Also, diaspora relations is increasingly becoming an important component of Nigeria foreign policy engagements. It was therefore recommended that a comprehensive developmental foreign policy that would allow Nigeria to benefit from her demography should be adopted. Keywords: Realism Dynamics, Nigeria Demography, Nigeria’s Foreign Policy, Administration of President Muhammadu Buhari (2015-2023) Word Count: 287