Department of Politics and International Relations

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    21st Century Public Administration Competencies and the Quest for Sustainable Local Government Administration in Ekiti State, Nigeria (2010-2020)
    (Lead City University, 2022-12) Rufus Adedire ALADEYELU
    Local government administration as the third tier of governance implies that a lot is expected from it, if it is to attain development. However, adequate attention has not been given to investigate sustainable Local Government Administration in Nigeria, hence this study analysed sustainable Local Government Administration in Nigeria in the face of 21st Century skills and competencies in selected Local Government Councils in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study used descriptive research design with the population of 858 respondents. The study used multistage sampling technique. Structured questionnaires were utilized for data collection. Data generated were analysed using descriptive statistics such as percentage, frequency and histogram. The study revealed fostering ethical behavior through staff training on administrative ethics and the local government code of ethics on personal and professional integrity (50.2%). The study also revealed advocating for diverse viewpoints to be considered, finding it out when missing at the extent of community engagement to support good decision making (50.2%). The result showed being aware of and acknowledging culturally significant events for employees and community members at the extent of equity and inclusion (44.2%). Furthermore, the results revealed that creating a positive atmosphere where interactions are based in respect and professionalism of staff effectiveness (50.1%). The study also showed that identifying areas where each employee would like to gain knowledge or skills and developing a plan to acquire those skills and knowledge at the extent of personal resiliency and development (52.2%). The study concluded that there was an established nexus between public administration competencies and sustainable local government administration in selected local government councils of Ekiti State. The study suggests future research on the roles of public officers on sustainable local government administration. Keywords: Local Government Administration, Public Administration, 21st Century Sustainable, Competencies, Ekiti State, Nigeria Word count: 296
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    A Constructive Intervention in Martha Nussbaum’s and Ingrid Robeyns’ Capabilitarianism and its Implications for Sustainable Development in Nigeria (2012-2022)
    (Lead City University, Ibadan, 2023-12) Ayomide Opeyemi AJIBOYE
    Capability Approach is one of the topics examined in development studies, it emphasizes the understanding that human welfare and giving human beings the opportunity to live a dignified life that is free of limitations is equally important to economic success which can in turn, help to create sustainable development. Creating Sustainable Development is of significant importance as it helps to address the social, economic and environmental challenges faced in Nigeria. However, there has been a major problem in Nigeria towards achieving sustainable development in Nigeria in line with the vision 2030 17 Sustainable Development Goals. This study seeks to do a constructive intervention in Martha Nussbaum’s and Ingrid Robeyns’ Capabilitarianism vis-à- vis solving the problem of sustainable development in Nigeria. It employs a qualitative research design using the method of secondary data collection in order to systematically analyze the data before relevant conclusions are drawn. In achieving sustainable development in Nigeria, especially the SDGs 1, 3, and 5, there is a need for constructive intervention using the capability frameworks of Martha Nussbaum and Ingrid Robeyns. This is done by harnessing the strength of both approaches and doing away with the weaknesses in order to promote human well-being and achieve the sustainable development goals, some of which includes emphasizing the central human capabilities needed to achieve a dignified life, advancing equality and social justice and more through several constructive interventions needed to improve their lives and guarantee a future that is richer and more sustainable. The belief is that society is ultimately human-driven. Thus, if the SDGS 1, 3 and 5 are theoretically pursued and practices, then the developed Nigerians, in turn, fundamentally work towards the institutional development of the Nigerian State. Keywords: Capability Approach, Sustainable Development, Capabilitarianism, Nigeria, Sustainable Development Goals. Word Count: 294
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    A Critique of the United Nations Security Council and Promotion of Peace under International Law
    (Lead City University, 2022-12) Donald Okoroafor KANU
    The study examines the influence of the United Nations Security Council and the role it plays in Promotion of Peace under International Law. Specifically, the study critiqued the impact of the United Nations Security Council in maintaining international peace globally and assisting the navigation of difficult path from conflict to peace, the impact of the United Nations Security Council cooperation on social, economic and cultural developments of member nations and ultimate influence on global peace, dimensions of the asymmetric relationship between the permanent members and non-permanent members of the United Nations Security Council in attaining global peace and the activities of United Nations Security Council and how it affects the development of friendly relations among nations on principles of equal rights and self determination to achieve global peace under international law, were all examined by the study. Participants of the study were made up of five (5) respondents from each of the five permanent member countries, this gives a total of Twenty (20) respondents. Descriptive research design which allowed for analysis of content was used in this research work because data were gathered through interviews and this was intended to better understand the subject matter and provide valid data. From the research findings, the respondents revealed that the United Nations Security Council has succeeded in maintaining world peace to a greater extent. The result revealed the extent to which the United Nations security council has maintained international peace in assisting the navigation of the difficult path from conflict to peace. Finally, the study recommends that United Nations Security Council’s roles are to prevent nuclear proliferation, clear landmines, and promote disarmament and also that the United Nations Security Council maintains peace and security by constituting peacekeeping and special political missions. Keywords: Conflict, Global peace, Peacekeeping, Security Word Count: 289
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    Administrative Efficiency and Development in Methodist Church Nigeria (2012-2022)
    (Lead City University, 2023-12) Adedotun Oluwasegun KILA
    The Methodist Church of Nigeria is one of the Christian denominations in the country, with a rich history and a significant presence across various regions. However, as the church is growing in size and complexity, there is a pressing need for structural adjustments to streamline administrative processes and support the overall growth and development of the church. The formation of a diocese would include designating a different geographical region within the current church structure, appointing a bishop, and creating administrative and governance processes appropriate to the new diocese. This method would allow local leaders to make choices more quickly and effectively, adjust their policies to the particular demands of the region and promote active community engagement. The study adopted both the system structural conflict theory and system theory. System theory emphasizes the holistic view of systems, where the whole is more than the sum of its parts. The study adopts both historical and explanatory research design to investigate the creation of archdiocese for administrative efficiency and development in Methodist Church, Nigeria. Findings from the study revealed that organizational structure and leadership, local empowerment and ministry are some of the reasons why dioceses were created. Hence, the creation of dioceses in the Methodist Church in Nigeria has provided a robust organizational structure and efficient leadership framework. The study recommends that the Methodist Church in Nigeria should always consider the distance of the church and members before creating diocese in any region. Keyword: Church, Christianity, Methodist Church, Administration efficiency Wordcount: 260
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    Assessment of Democratic Principles and Leadership in Foursquare Gospel Church in Nigeria (2001 – 2020)
    (Lead City University, 2023-12) Reuben Olukayode BABATUNDE
    Reports of infringements on fundamental democratic rights among church members and pastors of the Foursquare Gospel Church in Nigeria have raised concerns among stakeholders, prompting the need for investigations. The Church consists of churches, zones, districts, axis and regions. This study assesses the democratic principles within the Church. Despite the absence of previous studies addressing this issue, this research aims to fill the gap by analysing the period from 2001 to 2020 in the history of the Church. A descriptive research design was employed using a structured questionnaire. The findings showed that the Foursquare Gospel Church in Nigeria demonstrated a relatively high level of member sovereignty. These findings highlighted the presence of distinct roles and responsibilities, essential for maintaining checks and balances and avoiding power concentration. These findings suggest that pastors and members viewed the governance of the church favourably during the specified period. The findings suggest that the implementation of democratic principles within the Church positively impacted its ability to achieve its vision during that time period. It was, therefore, concluded that pastors and church members of the Church are exhibiting positive perception, with high levels of satisfaction in various aspects of leadership and governance. The implementation of democratic principles, including member sovereignty, separation of powers, checks and balances, and individual rights, positively influenced the Church's ability to fulfil its vision. Based on the findings, it is recommended that the Church should prioritize strengthening of the protection of individual rights within its governance framework, and regular evaluation and adaptation of these democratic principles should be maintained for growth and relevance. Keywords: Foursquare Gospel Church in Nigeria, Church Growth, Democratic Principles, Separation of Powers, Sovereignty of Church Members Word Count: 261
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    Assessment of National Health Insurance Scheme in Taraba State
    (Lead City University, 2023-12) Shanka Buba OTUEMHOBE
    The establishment of National Health Insurance scheme in Nigeria was targeted at making Health care accessible to all Nigerians through a prepaid arrangement with huge projected benefits to the enrolees. The instances of out-of-pocket payments for Health care services is a burden to people especially under circumstances that people in need of such do not have such resources to pay the bills. The plan to get workers and other enrolees to contribute to the scheme through monthly deductions from there earnings into a common pool to meet the needs of those who fall ill is the core of NHIS. Decision- making and human capital theories are used to explain the study. The study adopted a systematic investigation process and empirical data (questionnaire) on the subject of study was used for data collection and was distributed among the adult population of both sexes residing or employed in public service with locations in Taraba State as their stations. Data was analysed using quantitative and qualitative approaches. This research assessed National Health Insurance Scheme in Taraba State and the findings point to multiple reasons why the scheme is not fully accessible to the populace, ranging from structural defects to the culture of the people for whom the scheme is targeted. Also, the impact, functional state and implementation of National Health Insurance Scheme in Taraba State is poor due to lack of adequate information about the scheme among people in most rural settings which is a major factor militating against the success of NHIS in the State. The study therefore recommended that an active orientation to keep enrolees informed of all benefits and operational terms of the scheme is necessary and also attention should be given to upgrading health facilities to acceptable standards so that they can be able to meet growing healthcare challenges. Keywords: Healthcare, National Health, Insurance Scheme, Nigeria, Taraba State Word Count: 299
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    Assessment of the Socio-Economic Effect of COVID-19 in Southwest States, Nigeria
    (Lead City University, 2023-12) Micah Olufemi ONI
    Due to the global lockdowns following the COVID-19 outbreak, which resulted in employment losses for the expatriate community and the closure of financial institutions like banks and money transfer companies, a major fall in remittance inflow to the country is anticipated. Social distancing, self-isolation and travel restrictions forced Southwest States, Nigeria a decrease in the workforce across all economic sectors and caused many jobs to be lost. Schools have closed down, and the need of manufactured products has decreased. The food supply has also seen a great demand. It is for this reason that the research seeks to assess the socio-economic effect of COVID-19 in Southwest States, Nigeria. The sample size of the study was drawn from reports from the Nigeria. The research relied on secondary sources of data. Thus, the research instruments used for this were textbooks, journals, newspaper, reports, editorials, magazines, and articles. Secondary data gathered were analysed and presented using exploratory analysis and descriptive analytical explanation is given to the secondary data obtained for the study. Findings revealed that COVID-19 had a severe impact on economy, enterprises and industries on all sizes, resulting in reduced incomes for vulnerable macro and micro-economies and the risk of job losses and lost incomes for thousands of low-paid worker in Southwest States, Nigeria. It was also revealed that Nigeria imports are decreased due to pandemic and this has fiscal and unemployment adverse implications. It was found that the private sectors were critical in supporting the government in fighting the health crisis and addressing the subsequent socio- economic turmoil in Southwest States, Nigeria. It was recommended that there is an urgent need for Nigeria to form a combination of monetary, fiscal and financial markets measures to help economies and businesses to cope with this spread of virus and crisis environment. Keywords: Assessment, Socio-Economic Effect, COVID-19, Southwest States, Nigeria Word Count: 285
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    Blockchain Technology and Trade Implications of Cryptocurrency Ban in Nigeria
    (Lead City University, 2022-12) Abdulmalik Olalekan OLADIPUPO
    Abstract The CBN on the 5th of February 2021 through banks and other financial institutions stated that dealing in crypto currencies and facilitating cryptocurrency exchange are prohibited with effect from 5th February 2021. The CBN argued that there is anonymity and lack of KYC, which made cryptocurrency susceptible to illegal use, thus contradicting the existing laws and crypto’s are not legal tender. This study, therefore aimed to analyse the implementation and acceptability of digital currency and study the trade implications of cryptocurrencies ban in Nigeria. Theoretically, this study is anchored on Liberalism with Realism and Constructivism as a counter-argument theory. The study employed descriptive survey research design and the population of the study was made up of 165 bankers, university lecturers and crypto traders. The sampled all respondents using a purposive sampling technique and the data were gathered with the use of structured questionnaire. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) was used to analyse the data and the presentation was done using tables and descriptive analysis. The findings revealed that the ban on cryptocurrency was majorly due to its susceptibility to financial crimes, easily used as a medium for tax evasion and it is devoid of proper regulation. Further, the ban on cryptocurrencies forced some financial technology start-ups into liquidation while other financial technology companies were forced to lay off their staff because of poor capital inflow due to the ban on cryptocurrency. The study concludes that there is a positive and significant impact of cryptocurrency ban on the development of digital currency in Nigeria. However, the ban on cryptocurrencies has a negative impact on Nigerian digital currency traders. Therefore, this study recommends that the Central Bank of Nigeria to consider developing regulatory policies on the usage and trading of cryptocurrencies instead of an outright ban. Keywords: Blockchain Technology, Cryptocurrencies, Cryptocurrency Traders, Nigeria Word Count: 296
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    Capacity Building and Job Performance among Junior Officer in Nigeria Air Force
    (Lead City University, 2022-12) Charles Apochai, OHWO
    While there seems to be consensus that capacity building is key to promoting job performance in an organization yet the nature of geographical terrain and the recent security threats of the country challenged the operation of servicemen. Until recently, optimal operational performance of junior officers in NAF on internal security concerns have been progressively low. Yet, the junior officers are the dominant cadre in the rank and file. Recognizing this shortcomings among junior officers necessitated the need for this research. In this study, exploratory research design was used. Primary and secondary data were sourced for different purposes. A sample of one thousand, three hundred and twenty (1320) junior officers were drawn from the study population. An average of thirty (30) junior officers were drawn from the Nigerian Air force. Structured interview was also deployed to help give qualitative information that was not obtained from questionnaire. Data obtained from second hand sources was used for a purpose different from that of the agency or platform that initially collected it from the field. The data in this research study were analysed using simple percentage combined with numerical, frequencies, histograms, and percentages. The study recognized that capacity building initiatives is a significant technique for improving human resource management in the Nigerian Air Force (NAF). The study discovered that documents such as the Professional Military Education (PME) and the Training Needs Analysis (TNA), the NAF manual of training and career progression, AFP 248, and other relevant documents attempted to develop and enhance its officers for increased performance. Keywords: Capacity Building, Job Performance, NAF, Officer Word Count: 253
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    China’s Resource for Infrastructure (RFI) Deals in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Critical Analysis of Nigeria and Angola
    (Lead City University, 2022-12) Kazeem Oluwadamilola OLAJIDE
    The aim of this thesis is to determine whether the relationship between China and sub-Saharan African nation-states, specifically Nigeria and Angola, is exploitative or collaborative through a thorough analysis of the key characteristics of resource for infrastructure deals. Resource for infrastructure (RFI) deals are agreements in which natural resources are used to pay back debts for infrastructure development. China needs of resources and markets for her ever growing economy and Africa needs of infrastructure to jump start the economy explains the rationale behind the RFI agreements between the two partners. For the fact that Africa has a long history of helping immigrants with their worldwide aspirations in the past, just as Westerners came to Africa in search of work as missionaries, businessmen, and infrastructure builders. They promised to help the continent's people escape poverty and place it on the globalization map, but all they managed to do was plunder Africa's wealth, take over one nation after another, and leave its people in terrible poverty. As a result of China's recent infrastructure investment projects on the continent, many people are concerned that this may turn out to be the case once more. Relying on qualitative analysis, the thesis adopts Complex Interdependence theory to interrogate the on-going vibrant China-Africa relations. Interdependence, mostly simply defined, means mutual dependence. Although the relationship is asymmetrical for now, in favour of China, in the long run however, it is assume that infrastructure acquired through the partnership would lead to economic development for Africa. The findings of the study reveals that China-Africa engagements through RFI is of mutual benefits and collaboration, as against the general held notion of exploitation of Africa by China. The study recommended, among others strong institutional capacity, transparency and accountability on the part of African states and leadership. Keywords: China-Africa Relations, Development, Interdependence, Resource for Infrastructure (RFI), Westerners Word Count: 295
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    Civil Society Role in Poverty Reduction in South Africa and Nigeria
    (Lead City University, Ibadan, 2023-12) Iyanu OLUPINLA
    Many civil societies in Africa are disregarded when it comes to policy-making decisions. Some governments in Africa now see civil society as a threat to their existence because ofthepressuretheyexert on themfortransparencyand accountability. Countries such as Nigeria and South Africa have experienced economic growth in recent years but are still ridden with poverty and inequalities. There are variations in the roles of civil society in relation to poverty reduction. These variations depend on different factors including the poverty profile of the country, state or society in question. Civil society in Africa finds it difficult to operate independently, because they depend heavilyon the government for financial sponsorship and because of that the government sees that as an advantage to impose certain limitations on their activities. South Africa’s case might be a bit different because of their apartheid history which affected mainsocial structures in the country. Adopting the qualitative research as well as content analysis during for the research study, the study seeks to examine the significance ofcivil society in poverty reduction in Nigeria and South Africa. The study conclude that civil society participation in Nigeria and South Africa has to be enhanced because that is the only way the interest of the people at the grass root level can be represented or promoted and the issue of corruption also needs to be tackled in both countries because it undermines the allocation of resources to non- state actors which in turn disturbs developmental projects and breeds poverty. Keywords: Civil Society, Poverty, Nigeria, South Africa, Organisation Word Count: 253
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    Counter Terrorism Strategies in Nigeria: Case Study of the Boko Haram
    (Lead City University, 2022-12) Bashir Omolaja, BOLARINWA
    This study investigated counter terrorism strategies in Nigeria using Boko Haram as case study. The aim and objectives of the study is to identify the contributing factors to terrorism in Nigeria; highlight different concepts of counterterrorism strategies; investigate the dynamics of counterterrorism strategies in Nigeria; and interrogate the effectiveness of counterterrorism in Nigeria. Terrorism is commonly understood to refer to acts of violence that target civilians in the pursuit of political or ideological aims. Data collection techniques employed was descriptive and exploratory. Both interview and questionnaires were administered to discover the relative incidence, distribution, and interrelations of sociological and psychological variables. The population of the study comprises One Hundred and fifty (150) participants. In analysing both interview and questionnaire, the researcher which allowed for a representation of any age group, gender, and expertise with counterterrorism methods, were met by 40Members or citizens of the communities, 30 Members of the Security, 20Agencies, Repentant Boko Haram members and commanders, 20 Victims of Boko-Haram, 20 Internally Displaced Persons, and 20 Scholars/Academicians. It was concluded that counterterrorism operations of the Nigerian forces also brought to the fore the need for collective efforts among the internal security forces and within the regional forces. Recommendation were made that the Nigerian counterterrorism policy must outline the measures for fighting the threat of Boko Haram in the country future research which could be carried out to determine if the Nigerian counterterrorism policy meets the aim for which it was established. Keywords: Counterterrorism, Boko Haram, strategies, investigate Word Count: 242
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    COVID-19 Pandemic and Sustainable Development in Nigeria
    (Lead City University, 2022-12) Dolapo Michael OYEDOKUN
    This study examined the outbreak of COVID-19 and its health implications against the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Nigeria with a specific focus on SDG3 which aims at “Good Health and Well‐Being”. Theoretically, the study reviewed the Realist and Liberalist perspectives of the research topic. The descriptive survey research design was adopted in this study. The data analysed in this study were largely sourced primarily. The data were gathered through a structured questionnaire. 70 copies of the questionnaire were distributed to the staff of Biorepository and Clinical Virology Laboratory of University College Hospital (UCH), Oyo State Ministry of Health (OYSMOH), Oyo State Primary Health Care Board (OYSPHCB), Oyo State SDGs Office; Oyo State Emergency Operation Centre (EOC); the National Agency for Food and Drugs Administration and Control (NAFDAC); and National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS). The results of the findings showed that COVID-19 has affected the plans for the achievement of SDG3 in Nigeria. The WHO and the World Powers were also found to be supportive of Nigeria in the fight against the epidemic. Finally, the COVID-19 virus was found to have a huge prospect in the race to achieve SDG3 in Nigeria. The study, however, concluded that the achievement of the SDG3 in the year 2030 depends on the actions and policies of the government, the policymakers, and the several agencies saddled with matters concerning health matters and national development. The study then recommended that the Nigerian government through the office of the special adviser on SDGs (both at the federal and state level) should redesign and implement new measures toward achieving the SDG3 in Nigeria. Also, the government, the health institutions, and the several concerned Non-governmental Organisations (NGOs) should reallocate new budgets to ensure other health-related issues are not neglected while tackling the COVID-19. Keywords: COVID-19, Global health policy, Global politics, Sustainable Development Goals, Vaccination, Nigeria Word Count: 298
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    COVID-19 Pandemic and the Nigerian Baptist Convention Foreign Mission Strategies in the United Kingdom
    (Lead City University, Ibadan, 2023-12) Oladele Olusola KOLADE
    Covid-19 pandemic that began initially like a pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, China, later resulted in unprecedented global disruption. This pandemic has affected every facet of human life including the religious life. Christian missions which was experiencing a major shift in missionary sending direction from the global West and North to the reversed global South and East was also not spared by this pandemic. This work examined COVID–19 and the Nigerian Baptist Convention foreign mission strategies in the United Kingdom as a form of the reversed or diaspora mission project. The idea is to assess possible effects of Covid-19 pandemic on the missionary sending, trainings, funding, church planting activities and other strategic mission engagements of the Convention in the United Kingdom. Helpful data were gathered using electronic questionnaire shared to members and leaders of Nigerian Baptist Convention in the United Kingdom and interview with selected leaders and policy makers in the United Kingdom and Nigeria. Outcomes show slow pace of development as a result of inadequate strategic planning, conflict of interest, insufficient funding, and policy bottlenecks. Covid-19 equally brought about disruptions of conventional missionary and worship methods. The research recommended that the Nigerian Baptist Convention need to do a rework of strategic mission agenda that will be cognizant of the peculiarities of United Kingdom’s socio- economic setting, a new worship and missionary approach that can adapt well to the new normal and a more economically efficient, synergistic missionary sending policies. Keywords: Covid-19 Pandemic, Foreign- Mission, Strategies, Nigerian Baptist Convention Word Count: 240
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    E-Identity And Security: A Study Of The Role Of Identity Management In Sustainable Development In Nigeria (2007 – 2021)
    (Lead City University, 2022-12) Titilola Tomilola EJIOFOR
    This research work explored the challenges, prospects and recommendations for advancing and achieving the broad-based United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to Nigerians and legal residents, using the e-identification management platform. The research also examined the linkages between security and e-identification to cushion the challenges of insecurity, corruption and financial impropriety in managing the affairs of the Nigerian State. It identified gaps on the part of the Federal Government of Nigeria in prioritizing and managing e-identification and security programs in the country, which is very fundamental in advancing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030, Target 16.9 “provide legal identity for all including free birth registration”. The research adopted a descriptive qualitative and quantitative research method based on structured questionnaires / interviews and random sampling of respondents in six states of the federation including the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The analysis of the questionnaire was supported by secondary sources of information inputted into the structured questions to act as guide to validate the hypothesis proffered in the research work. The research findings clearly indicated the existing gaps in the relationships between identity management and sustainable development programs in Nigeria, supporting the premise that poorly conceived and ill-managed e-identity management and security architecture directly or indirectly impacts the planning, organizing, leading and controlling the management processes for citizens gaining access to state resources and advancing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The research recommends that the Federal Government of Nigeria prioritizes e-identification programs, summon the political will to implement and enforce the legislations on identification and security as well as adopt wholeheartedly the implementation of the recommendations and suggestions proffered in this research. Key Words: e-identification, security, sustainable development, prioritization, political will Word Count: 282
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    Effective Communication and Organisational Objectives in the Public Sector
    (Lead City University, 2022-12) Olabisi Kudirat OGUN
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    Effects of Political Corruption on the National Development of Nigeria
    (Lead City University, Ibadan, 2023-12) Solomon Ayodeji AJIBADE
    This research examines and investigate the effects of political corruption on the national development of Nigeria. It further discusses the socio-cultural, political, and economic factors responsible for the endemic nature of corruption in Nigeria and how these factors have succeeded in stagnating the development of the most populous country in Africa. The study is based on the Social Contract theory. This study adopted the descriptive research design. The research relied solely on secondary sources of data. Thus, the data analysed were gathered from textbooks, journals, newspaper editorials, articles, reports and other scholarly works. The findings from this study shows the factors responsible for political corruption in Nigeria are weak law interpretation and enforcement; lack of accountability and transparency; and high cost of government administration. These factors were found to have undermine democracy and the legitimacy of the Nigerian state, reduced the potential for economic growth, and threatens the freedom and security of citizens, all together constitutes hindrances to national development. The study concludes that, the analysis of corrupt activities, the magnitude, and the number of resources involved reveals that Nigeria is an enormously rich resource country. The challenges include how to optimally utilise these resources through honest, competent, effective, and accountable leadership. The study then recommends that people of high moral standards with proven integrity and competency should be encouraged to participate in politics and to seek political offices to reduce the number of persons who seek political positions mainly for personal interest. Also, the high cost of financing political parties and elections as well as for obtaining nomination forms by aspirants should be eliminated and the influence of money in politics greatly reduced. Keywords: Corruption, Politics, Political corruption, National Development Word Count: 274
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    Election Observation in Nigeria’s 2015 and 2019 General Elections
    (2022-12) Temitope Nofisat BANIRE
    Electoral observation is considered to be an important tool in the promotion of democracy. The presence of credible and impartial observers is taken as creating confidence about the legitimacy and quality of an electoral process. This study examines election observation in the Nigeria 2015 and 2019 general elections. The study made use of an interview guide as a research instrument. This is to help the researcher explore research subjects' opinions, behavior, experiences, and phenomenon during election. Also, random sampling technique was employed to select 8 respondents for the interview. The result of the findings showed that some of the roles the interviewees claimed are to serve as the eyes of the people, to provide an independent oversight of the electoral process by observing the process to documenting and what happened in the electoral process and share their findings with citizens and stakeholders. In addition, they detect fraud in the process if any they give information on places where there were violence, manipulation of the process, where there were non-appearance. Further findings showed that some of the challenges observers encounter were the issue of process of accreditation as it was stressful and cumbersome, insecurity of election observers across some states in Nigeria as some of the election observers were harassed and threatened by political thugs, security officers barred some of the election observers from playing their role in the coverage and monitoring of elections. Also, findings showed that the presence of election observers influence the credibility of the 2015 and 2019 general election. It was recommeded that government should put in place adequate security for members of election observers during election and they should also put in place better ways of screening election observers so as to avoid unnecessary stress and ensure prompt screening of election observer teams. Keywords: Monitoring, Observation, Electoral Commission, General Elections Word Count: 297
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    End SARS Movement in Nigeria (2010-2015)
    (Lead City University, 2022-12) Emmanuel Olajide ADEYEMI
    The primary role of police in a modern democracy is to maintain order, legality, but the opposite is the case; thereby using extreme force beyond limits as permitted by the law thereby resulting to extra – judicial killings, torture to the citizens of the country. The main purpose of this thesis is to identify the major causes of the EndSARS protest in Nigeria; the human rights violation by the Nigerian police force. The objective of this study is to know the salient issues in police brutality and EndSARS protest in Nigeria. More so, the theory used are the relative – deprivation theory which talks about the obvious basis for mobilizing opposition against the state that is the higher degree of frustration the greater political instability. Social conflict theory focuses on more powerful groups tending to use their power in order to retain power and exploit groups with less power, in the present democratic Nigeria, there is the different between high profile and low profile offenders thereby the respect of human rights is extended to the rich than the poor. The social contract theory which pins – point on the state agreement on individuals such as Thomas Hobbes, john Locke, Rousseau. The methodology used for this thesis was descriptive research aimed at describing phenomenon, sampling technique was adopted both formal and informal sector, people involved in the protests, as well as students who were home as a result of ASSU strike. Population of the study are people brutalized by the police in the course of the protests. Method of data collection was both primary and secondary sources, primary sources was conducted in interview, while secondary sources such as journals, newspapers. In conclusion, there should be accountability for crimes committed by the police, thereby proper training, and improvement in the capacity of the police in their investigative responsibilities. Further recommendations are given to the Nigerian Police service to re – orient officers on human relations on monthly basis, It will help to stop people from getting killed by them on daily basis for no just cause. Keywords: Police, Modern Democracy, Order, Legality, Development, Society, ENDSARS. Word Count: 346
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    Evaluation of the Nigerian Baptist Convention Mission Strategies and Social Ministries Among Fulani Communities in Baruten Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria
    (Lead City University, 2023-12) Adegboyega Adesoji ABIFARIN
    Christian mission organisations in Nigeria including the Nigerian Baptist Convention (NBC) through the Global Missions Board (GMB) have been involved in missions. The NBC-GMB adopts different Mission Strategies (MS) and Social Ministries (SM) to reach traditional cultures. However, there seems to be no independent Monitoring and Evaluation (ME) to guide future improvements. Therefore, this study evaluated the NBC-GMB MS and SM among Fulani communities in Baruten Local Government Area, Kwara State. Maslow’s Theory anchored the study. It adopted descriptive survey research design. Sample involved 161 respondents randomly selected across five Fulani communities. Seven self-designed validated instruments were used namely; MS Adoption Questionnaire (r=.948), Mission Work and SM Adoption Questionnaire (r=.947). Mission and SM Projects Beneficiary Inventory Scale (r=.948). Mission and SM Projects Effectiveness Scale (r =.947). Mission and SM Projects Monitoring Checklist (r=.947). Mission Field Challenges Scale (r=.948). Descriptive statistics was used for data analysis. Findings revealed that highly adopted MS include; Easter outreaches (91.3%), Christmas/New year festivities (90.7%) and Occasional revivals (90.1%); while highly adopted SM include; Festivities’ feeding (90.7%) and Clothing/utensils distributions (87.6%). Highly executed MS programmes include; Easter outreaches/festivities (91.3%), Christmas celebrations (90.7%), Medical services (83.2%); while SM projects include; School establishment (70.8%), Text/exercise book distributions (60.3%). Again, highly beneficial SM projects include; Clothing/utensils distributions (81.9%: =2.71)N and School/classroom building (68.3%: ?ത=3.00). Findings revealed that major beneficiaries are Fonfon (?ത=4.44SD2.603) and Okuta (?ത=46.39;SD3.837) communities; while highly effective MS include; Occasional revival (93.2%), Christmas outreaches (90.1%) and SM strategies include; clothing/utensils distribution (93.2%) and Food supplies (92.0%). Lastly, major mission challenges include insufficient funding (96.9%) and manpower shortages (96.3%). The study concludes that the NBC-GMB is involved in mission/evangelisation and meeting Fulani people-groups’ needs through diverse MS and SM. The study recommends that the NBC-GMB should intensify more efforts for high impact through adequate M&E for greater achievements. Keywords: Nigerian Baptist Convention, Mission Agencies, Mission strategies, Socialministries, Fulani communities. Word Count: 300